Evaluation of methotrexate Pharmacogenomic variation to predict acute neurotoxicity in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Background: Methotrexate is an important component of curative therapy in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), but the role of genetic variation influencing methotrexate clearance and transport in toxicity susceptibility in children with ALL is not well established. Therefore, we evaluated the association between suspected methotrexate pharmacogenomic variants and methotrexate-related neurotoxicity.

Methods: This study included children (aged 2-20 years) diagnosed with ALL (2005-2019) at six treatment centers in the southwest United States.

Outcomes of Adjunct Emergent Stenting Versus Mechanical Thrombectomy Alone: The RESCUE-ICAS Registry.

Background: Underlying intracranial stenosis is the most common cause of failed mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke patients with large vessel occlusion. Adjunct emergent stenting is sometimes performed to improve or maintain reperfusion, despite limited data regarding its safety or efficacy.

Methods: We conducted a prospective multicenter observational international cohort study.

Diagnosis and Management of Thoracolumbar Spinal Disorders Presenting as Cardiac, Gastrointestinal, and Other False Pain Syndromes.

Summary Of Background Data: Although pseudoangina is most commonly caused by cervical disc herniation, several cases have been described where thoracic herniation produced symptoms of pseudoangina. If thoracic herniation can produce angina-like pain, then it is important to consider whether pathology of the thoracolumbar spine, in general, can trigger false pain syndromes distinct from pseudoangina.

Objective: We seek to provide the most comprehensive study regarding the diagnosis and treatment of spinal conditions causing false pain syndromes.

Belatacept and carfilzomib-based treatment for antibody-mediated rejection in a sensitized nonhuman primate kidney transplantation model.

Introduction: One-third of HLA-incompatible kidney transplant recipients experience antibody mediated rejection (AMR) with limited treatment options. This study describes a novel treatment strategy for AMR consisting of proteasome inhibition and costimulation blockade with or without complement inhibition in a nonhuman primate model of kidney transplantation.

Methods: All rhesus macaques in the present study were sensitized to maximally MHC-mismatched donors by two sequential skin transplants prior to kidney transplant from the same donor.

Comparison of Patterns and Demographics of Isolated Traumatic Mandibular Fracture Between Incarcerated and General Populations.

Introduction The management of maxillofacial trauma can be challenging in different unique clinical presentations. While maxillofacial fractures vary in location based on the mechanism of injury, the mandibular fracture is noted to be one of the most common facial fractures. The objective of this study was to explore the differences in injury patterns, outcomes, and demographics of isolated traumatic mandibular fractures between incarcerated and general populations.

Cellular therapeutics and immunotherapies in wound healing - on the pulse of time?

Chronic, non-healing wounds represent a significant challenge for healthcare systems worldwide, often requiring significant human and financial resources. Chronic wounds arise from the complex interplay of underlying comorbidities, such as diabetes or vascular diseases, lifestyle factors, and genetic risk profiles which may predispose extremities to local ischemia. Injuries are further exacerbated by bacterial colonization and the formation of biofilms.

Circuit mechanism underlying fragmented sleep and memory deficits in 16p11.2 deletion mouse model of autism.

Sleep disturbances are prevalent in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and have a major impact on the quality of life. Strikingly, sleep problems are positively correlated with the severity of ASD symptoms, such as memory impairment. However, the neural mechanisms underlying sleep disturbances and cognitive deficits in ASD are largely unexplored.

Circuit mechanism underlying fragmented sleep and memory deficits in 16p11.2 deletion mouse model of autism.

Sleep disturbances are prevalent in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and have a major impact on the quality of life. Strikingly, sleep problems are positively correlated with the severity of ASD symptoms, such as memory impairment. However, the neural mechanisms underlying sleep disturbances and cognitive deficits in ASD are largely unexplored.

Regulation of stress-induced sleep fragmentation by preoptic glutamatergic neurons.

Sleep disturbances are detrimental to our behavioral and emotional well-being. Stressful events disrupt sleep, in particular by inducing brief awakenings (microarousals, MAs), resulting in sleep fragmentation. The preoptic area of the hypothalamus (POA) is crucial for sleep control.

The Pterional Keyhole Craniotomy Approach: A Historical Perspective.

The pterional craniotomy is a workhorse of cranial surgery that provides access to the anterior and middle fossae. However, newer "keyhole" approaches, such as the micropterional or pterional keyhole craniotomy (PKC) can offer similar exposure for many pathologies while reducing surgical morbidity. The PKC is associated with shorter hospitalizations, reduced operative time, and superior cosmetic outcomes.

Phospholipid scramblase-1 regulates innate type 2 inflammation in mouse lungs via CRTH2-dependent mechanisms.

Exaggerated Type 2 immune responses play critical roles in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases including asthma, allergy, and pulmonary fibrosis. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of innate type 2 immune responses and innate lymphoid 2 cells (ILC2s) in these disorders. However, the mechanisms that control the development of pulmonary innate type 2 responses (IT2IR) and the recruitment and/or activation of ILC2 cells are poorly understood.

Sleep disturbances in autism spectrum disorder: Animal models, neural mechanisms, and therapeutics.

Sleep is crucial for brain development. Sleep disturbances are prevalent in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Strikingly, these sleep problems are positively correlated with the severity of ASD core symptoms such as deficits in social skills and stereotypic behavior, indicating that sleep problems and the behavioral characteristics of ASD may be related.

Belatacept-Based Maintenance Immunosuppression Controls the Post-Transplant Humoral Immune Response in Highly Sensitized Nonhuman Primates.

Preexisting donor-specific antibodies (DSA) to MHC antigens increase the risk of antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) in sensitized transplant recipients and reduces graft survival. Pretransplant desensitization with costimulation blockade and proteasome inhibition has facilitated transplantation in our preclinical nonhuman primate (NHP) model. However, long-term graft survival is limited by rebound of DSA after transplantation.

Comparison of Male and Female Surgeons' Experiences With Gender Across 5 Qualitative/Quantitative Domains.

Importance: A growing body of literature has been developed with the goal of attempting to understand the experiences of female surgeons. While it has helped to address inequities and promote important programmatic improvements, work remains to be done.

Objective: To explore how practicing male and female surgeons' experiences with gender compare across 5 qualitative/quantitative domains: career aspirations, gender-based discrimination, mentor-mentee relationships, perceived barriers, and recommendations for change.

A noradrenergic-hypothalamic neural substrate for stress-induced sleep disturbances.

In our daily life, we are exposed to uncontrollable and stressful events that disrupt our sleep. However, the underlying neural mechanisms deteriorating the quality of non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMs) and REM sleep are largely unknown. Here, we show in mice that acute psychosocial stress disrupts sleep by increasing brief arousals (microarousals [MAs]), reducing sleep spindles, and impairing infraslow oscillations in the spindle band of the electroencephalogram during NREMs, while reducing REMs.

The minimally conscious state: an analysis of current clinical trials registered in ClinicalTrials.gov.

The minimally conscious state (MCS) is a disorder of consciousness described in recent years for patients who have behavioral responses to stimuli that do not meet the classification of chronic vegetative state (CVS) or coma. This distinction is valuable in clinical practice, as minimally conscious patients may require different treatments and may have different long-term outcomes when compared to vegetative states or coma. In this report, we analyzed the ClinicalTrials.

Supraorbital Keyhole Craniotomy in Pediatric Neurosurgery: A Systematic Review of Clinical Outcomes and Cosmetic Outcomes.

Background: Supraorbital keyhole craniotomy is a minimally invasive approach used to access the parasellar region with advantages of decreased cortical exposure, simple closure, and decreased risk of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak. The incision of this approach, however, has raised cosmetic concerns, especially for pediatric patients. The aim of this study is to assess postoperative complications and cosmeses of the supraorbital keyhole approach for resection of intracranial lesions in pediatric patients.

First porcine to human kidney transplantation performed in the United States.

In an operation that lasted a little over 2 h, surgeons at New York University Langone Health transplanted a porcine kidney into a human patient without signs of early rejection. This is a landmark achievement for xenotransplantation, a field that has been revived in the past decade and promises a new avenue to address critical organ shortage worldwide.