THE INCLUSION OF SEX AND GENDER IN RESEARCH METHODOLOGY, FUNDING, AND PUBLICATION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW.

Importance: Gender inequity in access to and outcomes of orthopaedic care demands research that properly analyses data based on sex and gender. Orthopaedic surgeons have an obligation to mitigate gender inequity in the provision of care by addressing the sex and gender bias in orthopaedic research methodology, grant funding, and publication demonstrated by this review.This study aimed to review the literature on known gender inequities in orthopaedic care, as well as sex and gender bias in orthopaedic research methodology, funding and publication; and to then to outline mitigating strategies.

A modified Delphi consensus statement on patellar instability: part I.

Aims: The aim of this study was to establish consensus statements on the diagnosis, nonoperative management, and indications, if any, for medial patellofemoral complex (MPFC) repair in patients with patellar instability, using the modified Delphi approach.

Methods: A total of 60 surgeons from 11 countries were invited to develop consensus statements based on their expertise in this area. They were assigned to one of seven working groups defined by subtopics of interest within patellar instability.

A modified Delphi consensus statement on patellar instability: part II.

Aims: The aim of this study was to establish consensus statements on medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction, anteromedialization tibial tubercle osteotomy, trochleoplasty, and rehabilitation and return to sporting activity in patients with patellar instability, using the modified Delphi process.

Methods: This was the second part of a study dealing with these aspects of management in these patients. As in part I, a total of 60 surgeons from 11 countries contributed to the development of consensus statements based on their expertise in this area.

Effect of Concomitant Meniscal Tear on Strength and Functional Performance in Young Athletes 6 Months After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With Hamstring Autograft.

Background: The effect of concomitant meniscal tears, and their associated treatment, on strength and functional recovery after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) has not been adequately investigated in young populations.

Hypothesis: Concomitant meniscal tears, treated with or without repair, would not adversely affect strength, balance, or functional hop test performance at 6 months postoperatively.

Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

The Biology of Sex and Sport.

Sex and gender are not the same. Sex is defined by the human genotype and pertains to biologic differences between males and females. Gender is a fluid concept molded by self-perception, social constructs, and culturally laden attitudes and expectations of men and women.

The Meniscal Grammar Signs: Comma and Apostrophe Signs for Characterization of a Displaced Fragment in the Meniscal Recess.

Vertical flap tears, or parrot beak flap tears, are oblique tears of the meniscus thought to originate as a central radial tear and propagate longitudinally towards the periphery, generating a partially detached unstable fragment that can subsequently displace into the meniscal recess. Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is frequently used to diagnose and characterize meniscus pathology, imaging findings for displaced flap tears are not well described in the literature. The recently published meniscal comma sign describes inferior displacement of a meniscus flap tear into the meniscotibial recess that, when seen on MRI, resembles a comma.

Genetics Home Reference: A Review.

Genetics Home Reference is a free, online resource created and maintained by the National Library of Medicine. It is designed to provide genetic information to a wide variety of audiences, particularly the general public. The site consists of original information and links to other curated resources.

Kinematic sequence patterns in the overhead baseball pitch.

Conceptually, an efficient baseball pitch demonstrates a proximal-to-distal transfer of segmental angular velocity. Such a timing pattern (or kinematic sequence) reduces stress on musculoskeletal structures of the throwing arm and maximises ball velocity. We evaluated the variability of kinematic sequences in 208 baseball pitches.