Intraspecific Diversity of Populations Isolated from Cystic Fibrosis Respiratory Infections.

Chronic bacterial infections are often polymicrobial, comprising multiple bacterial species or variants of the same species. Because chronic infections may last for decades, they have the potential to generate high levels of intraspecific variation through within-host diversification over time, and the potential for superinfections to occur through the introduction of multiple pathogen populations to the ongoing infection. Traditional methods for identifying infective agents generally involve isolating one single colony from a given sample, usually after selecting for a specific pathogen or antibiotic resistance profile.

Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Trauma Patients.

Introduction: In the era of rising antimicrobial resistance and successful protocols for empiric and prophylactic antimicrobial therapy in elective surgical procedures, it is important to consider the specific needs of the trauma population based on injury location, severity, and environmental exposures. In this study, we aim to compare outcomes of high-activation trauma patients who received antibiotics during initial evaluation with those who did not.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients focusing on antimicrobial administration who presented as the highest trauma activation criteria during the year 2021 was conducted at a single urban institution.

Expanding active living after cancer to underserved cancer survivors and their caregivers.

Background: Physical activity improves physical and psychological health in cancer survivors. This study evaluated Active Living After Cancer (ALAC), a community-based program to improve physical activity, physical function, and quality of life (QOL) in minority and medically underserved cancer survivors and their caregivers.

Methods: Participants completed 12 weekly ALAC sessions and assessments of physical activity, physical functioning, and QOL at baseline and follow-up (week 12).

Experimentally evolved shows increased survival in the presence of by acquiring mutations in the amino acid transporter, GltT.

When cultured together under standard laboratory conditions has been shown to be an effective inhibitor of . However, and are commonly observed in coinfections of individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) and in chronic wounds. Previous work from our group revealed that isolates from CF infections are able to persist in the presence of strain PAO1 with a range of tolerances with some isolates being eliminated entirely and others maintaining large populations.

Endocrine features of Langerhans cell histiocytosis in paediatric patients: A 30-year review.

Unlabelled: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare proliferative disorder characterised as an inflammatory myeloid neoplasia. Endocrine manifestations of LCH, particularly central diabetes insipidus (CDI), have been described from the 1940s, through case studies and small cohort analyses. There are limited Australian paediatric data described in recent literature.

Study design and methods: U.S. study to protect brain health through lifestyle intervention to reduce risk (U.S. POINTER).

Introduction: The U.S. study to protect brain health through lifestyle intervention to reduce risk (U.

Experimentally Evolved Survives in the Presence of by Acquiring Mutations in the Amino Acid Transporter, GltT.

and are the most common bacterial pathogens isolated from cystic fibrosis (CF) related lung infections. When both of these opportunistic pathogens are found in a coinfection, CF patients tend to have higher rates of pulmonary exacerbations and experience a more rapid decrease in lung function. When cultured together under standard laboratory conditions, it is often observed that effectively inhibits growth.

Promiscuous Enzymes for Residue-Specific Peptide and Protein Late-Stage Functionalization.

The late-stage functionalization of peptides and proteins holds significant promise for drug discovery and facilitates bioorthogonal chemistry. This selective functionalization leads to innovative advances in in vitro and in vivo biological research. However, it is a challenging endeavor to selectively target a certain amino acid or position in the presence of other residues containing reactive groups.

IgA-Biome Profiles Correlate with Clinical Parkinson's Disease Subtypes.

Background: Parkinson's disease is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder with distinctive gut microbiome patterns suggesting that interventions targeting the gut microbiota may prevent, slow, or reverse disease progression and severity.

Objective: Because secretory IgA (SIgA) plays a key role in shaping the gut microbiota, characterization of the IgA-Biome of individuals classified into either the akinetic rigid (AR) or tremor dominant (TD) Parkinson's disease clinical subtypes was used to further define taxa unique to these distinct clinical phenotypes.

Methods: Flow cytometry was used to separate IgA-coated and -uncoated bacteria from stool samples obtained from AR and TD patients followed by amplification and sequencing of the V4 region of the 16 S rDNA gene on the MiSeq platform (Illumina).

Moving the needle on time to resuscitation: An EAST prospective multicenter study of vascular access in hypotensive injured patients using trauma video review.

Background: Vascular access in hypotensive trauma patients is challenging. Little evidence exists on the time required and success rates of vascular access types. We hypothesized that intraosseous (IO) access would be faster and more successful than peripheral intravenous (PIV) and central venous catheter (CVC) access in hypotensive patients.

Fecal microbiota transplantation in Parkinson's disease-A randomized repeat-dose, placebo-controlled clinical pilot study.

Background And Purpose: The intestinal microbiome plays a primary role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders and may provide an opportunity for disease modification. We performed a pilot clinical study looking at the safety of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), its effect on the microbiome, and improvement of symptoms in Parkinson's disease.

Methods: This was a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study, wherein orally administered lyophilized FMT product or matching placebo was given to 12 subjects with mild to moderate Parkinson's disease with constipation twice weekly for 12 weeks.

Intestinal IgA-Coated Bacteria in Healthy- and Altered-Microbiomes (Dysbiosis) and Predictive Value in Successful Fecal Microbiota Transplantation.

IgA-coated bacteria in the gut (IgA-biome) provide a homeostatic function in healthy people through inhibition of microbial invaders and by protecting the epithelial monolayer of the gut. The laboratory methods used to detect this group of bacteria require flow cytometry and DNA sequencing (IgA-Seq). With dysbiosis (reduced diversity of the microbiome), the IgA-biome also is impaired.

Down the Rabbit Hole: Evaluation of Internet Information Quality in Parathyroid and Thyroid Surgery.

Introduction: Patients often discuss information obtained from Internet sources during clinic visits, which can be of variable quality and depth. We sought to review and assess information on the Internet regarding common operations within endocrine surgery.

Methods: Using Google's search engine, the top 100 websites from the search phrase "parathyroid surgery," and the top 100 websites from the phrase "thyroid surgery" were identified.

Species-Wide Phylogenomics of the Staphylococcus aureus Operon Revealed Convergent Evolution of Frameshift Mutations.

Staphylococcus aureus is a prominent nosocomial pathogen that causes several life-threatening diseases, such as pneumonia and bacteremia. S. aureus modulates the expression of its arsenal of virulence factors through sensing and integrating responses to environmental signals.

Active Living After Cancer: Adaptation and evaluation of a community-based physical activity program for minority and medically underserved breast cancer survivors.

Background: An expanding body of research documents the benefits of physical activity for cancer survivors' physical functioning and quality of life, but few successful models provide community-based physical activity programs to cancer survivors. This report presents an evaluation of Active Living After Cancer, an evidence-based physical activity program for breast cancer survivors, adapted for community delivery to minority and medically underserved survivors.

Methods: Survivors were recruited from health care and community settings.

Tobacco Screening and Use in Hospitalized Adolescents at a Children's Hospital.

Objectives: With this study, we aim to evaluate inpatient adolescent screening for tobacco, as well as the relationship between tobacco and other substance use, tobacco types used, and cessation interventions.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of inpatient hospital admissions of adolescents aged ≥13 years to a tertiary care, freestanding, urban children's hospital in 2018 was performed. Tobacco use-related variables were entered into a multiple logistic regression model in which the adjusted odds ratios were determined.

Evaluation of Six Weekly Oral Fecal Microbiota Transplants in People with HIV.

Background: Reduced microbiota diversity (dysbiosis) in people with HIV (PWH) likely contributes to inflammation, a driver of morbidity and mortality. We aimed to evaluate the safety and tolerability of 6 weekly oral fecal microbiota transplants (FMT) administered to reverse this dysbiosis.

Methods: Six PWH on suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) received 6 weekly doses of lyophilized fecal microbiota product from healthy donors.

Genotypic and Phenotypic Diversity of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Cystic Fibrosis Patient Lung Infections and Their Interactions with Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

has recently overtaken as the most commonly recognized bacterial pathogen that infects the respiratory tracts of individuals with the genetic disease cystic fibrosis (CF) in the United States. Most studies of in CF patient lung infections have focused on a few isolates, often exclusively laboratory-adapted strains, and how they are killed by Less is known about the diversity of CF patient lung isolates in terms of both their virulence and their interaction with To begin to address this gap, we recently sequenced 64 clinical isolates and a reference isolate, JE2. Here, we analyzed the antibiotic resistance genotypes, sequence types, clonal complexes, types, types, and presence/absence of other known virulence factor genes of these isolates.

Fitness and Productivity Increase with Ecotypic Diversity among Strains That Coevolved in a Simple, Constant Environment.

The productivity of a biological community often correlates with its diversity. In the microbial world this phenomenon can sometimes be explained by positive, density-dependent interactions such as cross-feeding and syntrophy. These metabolic interactions help account for the astonishing variety of microbial life and drive many of the biogeochemical cycles without which life as we know it could not exist.

Enhancing Pain Assessment in Pediatric Sickle Cell Disease by Applying Quality Improvement Science.

Objective: Standardized pain assessment and interventions are recommended for youth hospitalized for pain. This quality improvement (QI) project integrated into a pediatric psychology service aimed to increase the standardized assessment of pain-related functional ability for youth with sickle cell disease (SCD) hospitalized for pain.

Methods: Children and adolescents (n=102) with SCD referred for psychology consultation for poor coping in response to pain during hospitalization completed a validated self-report of functional ability in addition to pain intensity during inpatient psychology visits.

Safety and preliminary efficacy of orally administered lyophilized fecal microbiota product compared with frozen product given by enema for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection: A randomized clinical trial.

Background: Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) via colonoscopy or enema has become a commonly used treatment of recurrent C. difficile infection (CDI).

Aims: To compare the safety and preliminary efficacy of orally administered lyophilized microbiota product compared with frozen product by enema.

Creation and validation of a simulator for corneal rust ring removal.

Objective: To create and validate a simulation model for corneal rust ring removal.

Methods: Rust rings were created on cadaveric eyes with the use of small particles of metal. The eyes were mounted on suction plates at slit lamps and the trainees practiced rust ring removal.

Stability and efficacy of frozen and lyophilized fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) product in a mouse model of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI).

Freezing donor fecal microbiota has simplified fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in the treatment of recurrent C. difficile infection (CDI). However, the optimal storage time for the frozen FMT products remains unknown.

Neurocognitive dysfunction in HIV-infected youth: investigating the relationship with immune activation.

Background: HIV-infected individuals are at increased risk of neurocognitive impairment compared to the general population. Studies suggest that, despite combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), HIV infection causes immune activation which results in neural damage; however, few data exist in HIV-infected youth.

Methods: HIV-infected youth 8-26-years-old on cART with virological suppression were prospectively enrolled along with healthy controls.