Enzyme Catalysis Causes Fluid Flow, Motility, and Directional Transport on Supported Lipid Bilayers.

The dynamic interplay between the composition of lipid membranes and the behavior of membrane-bound enzymes is critical to the understanding of cellular function and viability, and the design of membrane-based biosensing platforms. While there is a significant body of knowledge about how lipid composition and dynamics affect membrane-bound enzymes, little is known about how enzyme catalysis influences the motility and lateral transport on lipid membranes. Using enzyme-attached lipids in supported bilayers (SLBs), we provide direct evidence of catalysis-induced fluid flow that underlies the observed motility on SLBs.

MEASURE: Multiplex Exhaled Breath Condensate - Scanning Using Rapid Electro-Analytics.

Exhaled breath condensate is an emerging source of inflammatory biomarkers suitable for the noninvasive detection of respiratory disorders. Current gold standard methods are highly invasive and pose challenges in sample collection during airway inflammation monitoring. Cytokine biomarkers are detectable in EBC at increased or decreased concentrations.

Interactions with amyloid beta peptide and acetylcholinesterase increase alkaline phosphatase activity.

Multiple studies have shown that the activity of alkaline phosphatase (AP) increases during Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this paper, using UV-Visible spectroscopy, we show that this increase in activity is due to its interaction with key components of AD such as amyloid β peptide and acetylcholinesterase. Activity increase also occurs due to high concentrations of acetylcholine and choline.

EBC-SURE (exhaled breath condensate- scanning using rapid electro analytics): A non-faradaic and non-invasive electrochemical assay to screen for pro-inflammatory biomarkers in human breath condensate.

The innovation of this work lies in the trace detection of inflammatory biomarkers (IL-6, hs-CRP) in human exhaled breath condensate on the developed EBC-SURE platform as a point-of-care aid for respiratory disorder diagnosis. The unique design of the EBC-SURE leverages non-faradaic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to capture target-specific biomolecular interactions for highly sensitive biomarker detection. For sensor calibration, EBC-SURE's performance is assessed to measure the response of the sensor to a known concentration by spike and recovery analysis with a recovery error of <20% and an extended dynamic range over 3-log orders.

Enzyme aggregation and fragmentation induced by catalysis relevant species.

It is usually assumed that enzymes retain their native structure during catalysis. However, the aggregation and fragmentation of proteins can be difficult to detect and sometimes conclusions are drawn based on the assumption that the protein is in its native form. We have examined three model enzymes, alkaline phosphatase (AkP), hexokinase (HK) and glucose oxidase (GOx).

On-demand lactate monitoring towards assessing physiological responses in sedentary populations.

Identification of diseases in sedentary populations on a timely basis before reaching a critical stage is a continuing challenge faced by emergency care centers. Lactate is a key biomarker for monitoring restricted oxygen supply essential for assessing the physiological responses of the user for clinical diagnostics. The novelty of this work is the development of a non-invasive, mediator-free, stick and remove biosensor for the on-demand measurement of lactate in passive sweat targeted towards sedentary populations.

Next-Generation Continuous Metabolite Sensing toward Emerging Sensor Needs.

This article discusses the emergent biosensor technology focused on continuous biosensing of metabolites by non-invasive sampling of body fluids emphasized on physiological monitoring in mobility-constrained populations, resource-challenged settings, and harsh environments. The boom of innovative ideas and endless opportunities in healthcare technologies has transformed traditional medicine into a sustainable link between medical practitioners and patients to provide solutions for faster disease diagnosis. The future of healthcare is focused on empowering users to manage their own health.

Point-of-use sweat biosensor to track the endocrine-inflammation relationship for chronic disease monitoring.

Aim: The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is involved in maintaining homeostasis by engaging with the parasympathetic nervous system. During the process of disease affliction, this relationship is disturbed and there is an imbalance driven response observed.

Materials & Methods: By monitoring the two key components involved in these pathways, cortisol and TNF-α, the manifestations of chronic stress on the body's homeostasis can be evaluated in a comprehensive manner.

CLIP: Carbon Dioxide testing suitable for Low power microelectronics and IOT interfaces using Room temperature Ionic Liquid Platform.

Health and safety considerations of room occupants in enclosed spaces is crucial for building management which entails control and stringent monitoring of CO levels to maintain acceptable air quality standards and improve energy efficiency. Smart building management systems equipped with portable, low-power, non-invasive CO sensing techniques can predict room occupancy detection based on CO levels exhaled by humans. In this work, we have demonstrated the development and proof-of-feasibility working of an electrochemical RTIL- based sensor prototype for CO detection in exhaled human breath.

A Rapid Response Electrochemical Biosensor for Detecting Thc In Saliva.

Marijuana is listed as a Schedule I substance under the American Controlled Substances Act of 1970. As more U.S.

Ultrasensitive and Rapid-Response Sensor for the Electrochemical Detection of Antibiotic Residues within Meat Samples.

Antimicrobial use in livestock has emerged as a pressing global issue because of the rise of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Regulatory authorities across the globe have taken steps to discourage the misuse of these antibiotics by banning or limiting the use of medically important antibiotics in food animals. However, to ensure that food animals are not being administered antibiotics inappropriately, there is a need for a reliable, raid-response biosensor that can detect the presence of these antibiotic residuals in meat products.

Enzymatic Low Volume Passive Sweat Based Assays for Multi-Biomarker Detection.

Simultaneous detection of correlated multi-biomarkers on a single low-cost platform in ultra-low fluid volumes with robustness is in growing demand for the development of wearable diagnostics. A non-faradaic biosensor for the simultaneous detection of alcohol, glucose, and lactate utilizing low volumes (1⁻5 μL) of sweat is demonstrated. Biosensing is implemented using nanotextured ZnO films integrated on a flexible porous membrane to achieve enhanced sensor performance.

CLASP (Continuous lifestyle awareness through sweat platform): A novel sensor for simultaneous detection of alcohol and glucose from passive perspired sweat.

Wearable- IOT based low- cost platforms can enable dynamic lifestyle monitoring through enabling promising and exciting opportunities for wellness and chronic- disease management in personalized environments. Diabetic and pre- diabetic populations can modulate their alcohol intake by tracking their glycemic content continuously to prevent health risks through these platforms. We demonstrate the first technological proof of a combinatorial biosensor for continuous, dynamic monitoring of alcohol and glucose in ultra- low volumes (1-5 µL) of passive perspired sweat towards developing a wearable- IOT based platform.

Simultaneous lancet-free monitoring of alcohol and glucose from low-volumes of perspired human sweat.

A lancet-free, label-free biosensor for simultaneous detection of sweat glucose and alcohol was demonstrated using zinc oxide thin films integrated into a nanoporous flexible electrode system. Sensing was achieved from perspired human sweat at low volumes (1-3 μL), comparable to ambient conditions without external stimulation. Zinc oxide thin film electrodes were surface functionalized with alcohol oxidase enzyme and with glucose oxidase enzyme towards developing an affinity biosensor specific to the physiological relevant range of alcohol comprising of 0-2 drinks (0-50 mg/dl) and physiologically relevant range of glucose ranging from hypo- to hyper-glycaemia (50-130 mg/dl) in perspired human sweat.

Differential electronic detector to monitor apoptosis using dielectrophoresis-induced translation of flowing cells (dielectrophoresis cytometry).

The instrument described here is an all-electronic dielectrophoresis (DEP) cytometer sensitive to changes in polarizability of single cells. The important novel feature of this work is the differential electrode array that allows independent detection and actuation of single cells within a short section ([Formula: see text]) of the microfluidic channel. DEP actuation modifies the altitude of the cells flowing between two altitude detection sites in proportion to cell polarizability; changes in altitude smaller than 0.