Cardiovocal syndrome: a systematic review.

Hoarseness associated with mitral stenosis was initially described by Ortner. Several cardiopulmonary conditions were associated with left recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy over the last 100 years; thus, the syndrome is termed as cardiovocal syndrome or Ortner's syndrome. This study aimed to classify the various predisposing conditions and to explain the pathophysiology and treatment opportunities available for these patients.

Electrocardiographic changes in combined electrolyte depletion.

Cardiac action potential is affected by extracellular gradients in potassium, calcium, and magnesium with resultant electrocardiographic changes varying from subtle findings to marked repolarization abnormalities. This report presents marked electrocardiographic changes resulting from a combination of electrolytes depletion in a patient with bulimia and anorexia nervosa.