Acute kidney injury due to intravenous bleach injection.

Introduction: Sodium hypochlorite is the active ingredient in bleach, a ubiquitous household disinfectant, and has known toxicities depending on route of exposure and amount. Acute kidney injury due to sodium hypochlorite exposure has never been reported. Patients that did develop nephrotoxicity following bleach exposure did so due to development of other risk factors for kidney injury such as volume depletion or sepsis.

Promise and challenges of anticoagulation with dabigatran.

Dabigatran, marketed as Pradaxa (Boehringer Ingelheim) in the USA, is a direct thrombin inhibitor that holds great promise. It has been shown to reduce the risk of stroke and venous thromboembolism with similar if not greater efficacy than warfarin and with far fewer side effects. However, like other anticoagulants, it can cause severe bleeding complications and lacks a specific antidote with proven efficacy.

Overtreatment and undertreatment of hyperlipidemia in the outpatient setting.

Background: National guidelines recommend lipid-lowering therapy for patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), its equivalent (eg, diabetes mellitus, peripheral arterial disease, cerebrovascular disease), and those at high risk of CHD. Quality-of-care studies demonstrate that patients at high risk of CHD are undertreated. Overtreatment of patients at low risk of CHD remains relatively unexplored.

Evaluation of diffusion-weighted imaging as a predictive marker for tumor response in patients undergoing chemoradiation for postoperative recurrences of cervical cancer.

Purpose: To investigate diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) as a response biomarker in patients undergoing chemoradiation for postoperative recurrences of cervical cancer.

Materials And Methods: From October 2008 to March 2011, 20 patients were included. All underwent T2-weighted (T2W) and DWI before and after chemoradiation.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging in cervical cancer: current evidence and future directions.

Carcinoma cervix is one of the most common cancers amongst Indian women. Though treatment strategies continue to evolve, there are no established predictive biomarkers of prognosis or therapeutic response. Novel imaging techniques using magnetic resonance (MR) and positron emission tomography (PET) can facilitate time resolved spatial evaluation of biological characteristics (perfusion, permeability, cellularity, proliferation, oxygenation, and apoptosis) thereby serving as early surrogate biomarkers for prognosis and therapeutic response.

Magnetic resonance fistulogram demonstration of urethrovesicovaginal fistula in a case of müllerian agenesis due to traumatic urethral coitus.

Vesicovaginal fistula is not uncommon in women of childbearing age, and can occur due to a multitude of causes, the chief ones being infection and neoplasia. An extensive PUBMED search yielded only a few reports describing causation of such a lesion due to traumatic urethral coitus. The classic method to demonstrate such fistulas is by direct contrast-enhanced fistulography.

Altered mental status and low anion gap in a patient with sickle cell anemia: a case report.

Introduction: It is challenging to diagnose two coexisting medical conditions if the symptoms are overlapping. This is further confounded if the patient presents with an unexplained deterioration in mental status. A low anion gap or a zero anion gap is an uncommon clinical finding and has few differential diagnoses.

HIV-1 gp120 induces expression of IL-6 through a nuclear factor-kappa B-dependent mechanism: suppression by gp120 specific small interfering RNA.

In addition to its role in virus entry, HIV-1 gp120 has also been implicated in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. However, the mechanism(s) responsible for gp120-mediated neuroinflammation remain undefined. In view of increased levels of IL-6 in HIV-positive individuals with neurological manifestations, we sought to address whether gp120 is involved in IL-6 over-expression in astrocytes.

Patients' knowledge of risk and protective factors for cardiovascular disease.

Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. The American Heart Association has proposed improving overall cardiovascular health by promoting 7 components of ideal cardiovascular health, including health behaviors (not smoking, regular exercise, and healthy diet) and health factors (ideal body mass index, cholesterol, blood pressure, and blood glucose). The patients' knowledge of these 7 components is unknown.

Contribution of CNS cells in NeuroAIDS.

NeuroAIDS is becoming a major health problem among AIDS patients and long-term HIV survivors. As per 2009 estimates of UNAIDS report, more than 34 million people have been infected with HIV out of which ≥ 50% show signs and symptoms of neuropsychiatric disorders. These disorders affect central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous systems (PNS).

Comparative evaluation of subgingivally delivered 10% doxycycline hyclate and xanthan-based chlorhexidine gels in the treatment of chronic periodontitis.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of subgingivally delivered 10% doxycycline hyclate and xanthan based chlorhexidine gels when used as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of chronic periodontitis.

Methods And Materials: A randomized, controlled, single center study was conducted involving 90 sites in 30 patients suffering from moderate to advanced chronic periodontitis. Each patient contributed three sites which were randomized to three treatment groups: SRP + insertion of doxycycline gel [SRP+DH], SRP + insertion of chlorhexidine gel [SRP+CHX]), and SRP alone [SRP].

Percutaneous angio-embolization of a post laparoscopy complex utero-adenexal vascular malformation.

Vascular abnormalities are uncommon causes of uterine bleeding. Laparoscopic surgeries, however, require expertise and improper techniques can lead to major vascular complications. We report an unusual case of utero-adenexal arterio- venous fistula with arterio - venous malformation due to pelvic trauma caused during laparoscopic sterilisation procedure, which was treated by percutaneous embolisation technique.

In vivo 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy-derived metabolite variations between acute-on-chronic liver failure and acute liver failure.

Background And Aims: Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), acute liver failure (ALF) and chronic liver disease (CLD) are common forms of liver failure and present with similar clinical profiles. The aim of this study was to compare brain metabolite alterations in all the three groups of patients with controls, using in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and to look for any significant differences in metabolites that may help in differentiating between these three conditions.

Methods: Nine patients with ACLF, 10 with ALF, 10 patients with CLD and 10 age-matched controls were studied.

Hydatidiarrhea.

Hydatid cysts rarely rupture into the bowel lumen. We describe five patients presenting with passage of hydatid membranes in stool. Early surgical intervention may prevent erosion of such cysts into the hollow viscus.

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor of the occipital region: case report.

Objective: A rare case of a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor of the occipital region is presented. The role of postoperative radiotherapy in such cases is reviewed.

Clinical Presentation: A 36-year-old man presented with a small spongy swelling in the posterior aspect of the cranium since childhood.