Advancements in Immunotherapy for Breast Cancer: Mechanisms, Efficacy, and Future Directions.

Breast cancer is a major global health challenge characterized by its diverse biological behavior and varying treatment responses. Traditional therapies, including surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, and targeted therapy, have significantly advanced breast cancer treatment but are often limited by issues such as resistance, side effects, and variable efficacy. Immunotherapy has emerged as a transformative approach, leveraging the body's immune system to target and eliminate cancer cells.

Umbilical cord milking for neonates who are depressed at birth: a randomized trial of feasibility.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of umbilical cord milking (UCM) in neonates who are depressed at birth.

Study Design: This is a quasi-randomized, non-blinded, controlled trial on infants (≥35 weeks) who were depressed at birth. UCM (cord milked three times) was performed during the even months and the neonates born during the odd months were in the control group.

Water-based layer-by-layer surface chemical modification of biomimetic materials: oil repellency.

Biomimetic materials possessing hierarchical surface roughness thrive when complementary terminal chemical functionality is introduced. However, incorporating terminal functionality on the biomimetic material is the challenge, especially, when its roughness needs to be preserved. Hence, we report surface chemical modification of biomimetic materials through water-based layer-by-layer deposition.

Postcataract endophthalmitis due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Purpose: To report a case of endophthalmitis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB).

Design: Descriptive case report.

Methods: Review of patient records.

Surface chemical modification of poly(dimethylsiloxane)-based biomimetic materials: oil-repellent surfaces.

The oil-repellent performance of a poly(dimethylsiloxane)-based biomimetic replica (PDMS-replica) was tuned by modifying its surface chemical composition. PDMS-replica possessing a complementary combination of hierarchical roughness and mixed -CF(3) and -SiCH(3) terminal functionality was prepared in the presence of a surface-modifying agent, using nanocasting based on soft lithography. PDMS-replica showed superhydrophobicity and enhanced oil repellency, theta(oil) approximately 86 degrees .

Synthesis and surface properties of environmentally responsive segmented polyurethanes.

Polyurethanes, containing well-defined assemblies of perfluoro-polyether (PFPE or hexafluoropropene oxide oligomer), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) segments, exhibit oleophobic, hydrophobic, and hydrophilic properties in response to the polarity of the contacting medium. These polymers were prepared by reacting hydroxy(polyethyleneoxy)-propylether-terminated PDMS block copolymer (HO-PEG-PDMS-PEG-OH) with 4,4'-methylene-bis(phenylene isocyanate) (MDI) in the presence of dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst, followed by reaction with 1,2-diol functional PFPE and chain extension with 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-1,4-butanediol (FB). The oleophobic and hydrophobic properties of the segmented polyurethanes (SPU) are due to the segregation of PFPE segments at the polymer-air interface.

DNA attachment chemistry at the flexible silicone elastomer surface: toward disposable microarrays.

This paper describes the preparation and surface characterization of maleimide-activated silicone elastomer (PDMS(MCC)) followed by covalent functionalization using thiol-terminated DNA sequences (primary oligo). The stability of this attachment chemistry was demonstrated by the retention of the primary oligo through the process of hybridization with a labeled complementary DNA sequence. In these studies, the hybridized labeled DNA oligomers were detected using confocal fluorescence microscopy.

EphA3 null mutants do not demonstrate motor axon guidance defects.

Motor axon projections are topographically ordered. Medial motor column axons project to axial muscles, whereas lateral motor column axons project to limb muscles and, along the rostrocaudal axis of the animal, the more rostral motor neuron pools project to more rostral muscle targets. We have shown that EphA3 is specifically expressed in the developing medial motor column and have postulated that EphA3 might be responsible for directing their axons to axial muscle targets.

A ruptured retinal arterial macroaneurysm presenting as subhyaloid haemorrhage.

We report a case of ruptured retinal arterial macroaneurysm with overlying subhyaloid haemorrhage. Both subhyaloid haemorrhage and subsequently the macroaneurysm was treated with argon laser photocoagulation.