Complications of periprosthetic fracture revision vs aseptic revision of total knee arthroplasty.

Background: Periprosthetic fractures after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are a challenging problem due to complex fracture patterns, poor bone quality, and a high-risk patient population. Treatment of both periprosthetic fractures and aseptic complications can include revision TKA. In this study, we compared systemic and orthopaedic complications following periprosthetic fracture associated revision TKA to aseptic revision TKA.

Outcomes of Surgically Treated Pilon Fractures: A Comparison of Patients with and without Diabetes.

Objectives: Compare systemic complications, fracture healing related complications, and reoperation rates for pilon fractures in patients with and without diabetes.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: National administrative claims database with patient records.

Analysis of inpatient complications in HIV/AIDS patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty - A propensity matched cohort study.

Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at higher risk for orthopedic related diseases due to dysregulation in bone metabolism and metabolic effects related to their medication regimen. Furthermore, the rate of hip arthroplasty in HIV patients is increasing. With the recent changes in THA methodologies and improvements in HIV treatment, there is a need for updated research analyzing hip arthroplasty outcomes in this high-risk patient population.

Postoperative complications of spinal vs general anesthesia in elderly patients undergoing hip hemiarthroplasty.

Introduction: Elderly patients with hip fractures are at high risk for mortality due to postsurgical complications. Hip hemiarthroplasty is a routine procedure done in elderly patients for surgical repair  of femoral neck fractures. Both general and spinal anesthesia can be used in elderly patients undergoing hemiarthroplasty.

Single-cell mapping of regenerative and fibrotic healing responses after musculoskeletal injury.

After injury, a cascade of events repairs the damaged tissue, including expansion and differentiation of the progenitor pool and redeposition of matrix. To guide future wound regeneration strategies, we compared single-cell sequencing of regenerative (third phalangeal element [P3]) and fibrotic (second phalangeal element [P2]) digit tip amputation (DTA) models as well as traumatic heterotopic ossification (HO; aberrant). Analyses point to a common initial response to injury, including expansion of progenitors, redeposition of matrix, and activation of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and WNT pathways.

Macrophage-mediated PDGF Activation Correlates With Regenerative Outcomes Following Musculoskeletal Trauma.

Objective: Our objective was to identify macrophage subpopulations and gene signatures associated with regenerative or fibrotic healing across different musculoskeletal injury types.

Background: Subpopulations of macrophages are hypothesized to fine tune the immune response after damage, promoting either normal regenerative, or aberrant fibrotic healing.

Methods: Mouse single-cell RNA sequencing data before and after injury were assembled from models of musculoskeletal injury, including regenerative and fibrotic mouse volumetric muscle loss (VML), regenerative digit tip amputation, and fibrotic heterotopic ossification.

Contemporary perspectives on heterotopic ossification.

Heterotopic ossification (HO) is the formation of ectopic bone that is primarily genetically driven (fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva [FOP]) or acquired in the setting of trauma (tHO). HO has undergone intense investigation, especially over the last 50 years, as awareness has increased around improving clinical technologies and incidence, such as with ongoing wartime conflicts. Current treatments for tHO and FOP remain prophylactic and include NSAIDs and glucocorticoids, respectively, whereas other proposed therapeutic modalities exhibit prohibitive risk profiles.