Interactive peritoneum in a haptic surgery illustration environment.

We describe a fully interactive, low-overhead and robust peritoneum representation allowing for probing and cutting. The peritoneum implementation has been tested within a surgical illustration environment.

Fatty tissue in a haptic illustration environment.

Modeling soft tissue for surgery simulation is a challenging task due to the complex way that the tissue can deform and interact with virtual surgical tools manipulated by user. One soft tissue that is ubiquitous but often not modeled, is fatty tissue. Here we present a novel fatty tissue model based on the mass-spring system on the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) as part of our Toolkit for Illustration of Procedures in Surgery (TIPS).