Machine learning models based on FEM simulation of hoop mode vibrations to enable ultrasonic cuffless measurement of blood pressure.

Blood pressure (BP) is one of the vital physiological parameters, and its measurement is done routinely for almost all patients who visit hospitals. Cuffless BP measurement has been of great research interest over the last few years. In this paper, we aim to establish a method for cuffless measurement of BP using ultrasound.

A prospective survey on trephine biopsy of bone and bone marrow: an experience with 274 Indian patients' biopsies.

Trephine bone marrow biopsy is an effective technique for diagnosing hematological malignancies in patients of different ages. During trephine biopsy, bone marrow cores are obtained for detailed morphological evaluation to look for any abnormality and arrive at a diagnosis. The primary goal of this work is to perform a survey on Indian patients of various ages for the trephine bone marrow biopsy process.

Honeybee stinger-based biopsy needle and influence of the barbs on needle forces during insertion/extraction into the iliac crest: A multilayer finite element approach.

Bone marrow biopsy (BMB) needles are frequently used in medical procedures, including extracting biological tissue to identify specific lesions or abnormalities discovered during a medical examination or a radiological scan. The forces applied by the needle during the cutting operation significantly impact the sample quality. Excessive needle insertion force and possible deflection might cause tissue damage, compromising the integrity of the biopsy specimen.

Techniques for the detection and management of freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease - A systematic review and future perspectives.

Freezing of Gait (FoG) is one of the most critical debilitating motor symptoms of advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) with a higher rate of occurrence in aged people. PD affects the cardinal motor functioning and leads to non-motor symptoms, including cognitive and neurobehavioral abnormalities, autonomic dysfunctions and sleep disorders. Since its pathogenesis is complex and unclear yet, this paper targets the studies done on the pathophysiology and epidemiology of FoG in PD.

Concept, hardware development, and clinical trials of a Galinstan based Mercury free sphygmomanometer: Merkfree.

The aim of this work is to develop Merkfree-a mercury-free sphygmomanometer that looks, feels, and operates just like a traditional mercury sphygmomanometer (MS). For this we use Galinstan as a substitute for mercury, which is a non-toxic alloy of Gallium, Indium and Tin. Galinstan is nearly half as dense as mercury and sticks to class.

Automatic Pasteurized Formula Milk Preparation Machine with Automatic Sterilized Containers.

Children are the future of our generation, so reducing child mortality is very critical in developing countries. There are lots of asserting factors of child mortality but malnutrition is one of the prominent factors. Medically, it has been proven that breastfeeding is one of the sources of nutrients and it is being always appreciated to have mothers' milk to a child in the early days.

Finite element simulation of multilayer model to simulate fine needle insertion mechanism into iliac crest for bone marrow biopsy.

The main aim of this work is to use a finite element technique (FEM) to gain understanding about the bone marrow biopsy (BMB) needle insertion process and needle-tissue interactions in the human iliac crest. A multi-layer iliac crest model consists of stratum corneum, dermis, epidermis, hypodermis, cortical, and cancellous bone has been established. This paper proposes a FE model that examines all phases of tissue deformation, including puncture, cutting, needle-tissue interaction, and various stress-strain values for BMB needle during interaction.

An Optimized Machine Learning Model Accurately Predicts In-Hospital Outcomes at Admission to a Cardiac Unit.

Risk stratification at the time of hospital admission is of paramount significance in triaging the patients and providing timely care. In the present study, we aim at predicting multiple clinical outcomes using the data recorded during admission to a cardiac care unit via an optimized machine learning method. This study involves a total of 11,498 patients admitted to a cardiac care unit over two years.

A Device to Reduce Vasovagal Syncope in Blood Donors.

Vasovagal Syncope (VVS), or the transient loss of consciousness is the most widely recognized reason for syncope. (VVS), is a typical dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system. There are various factors which can influence the syncope.

A Machine Learning Pipeline for Measurement of Arterial Stiffness in A-Mode Ultrasound.

Arterial stiffness (AS) of the carotid artery is an early marker of stratifying cardiovascular disease risk. This article aims to improve the performance of ARTSENS, a noninvasive A-mode ultrasound-based device for measuring AS. The primary objective of ARTSENS is to enable the measurement of elastic modulus using A-Mode ultrasound and blood pressure.

A survey to gauge confidence of Indian clinicians on three primary devices for blood pressure measurement.

Purpose: As per its commitment at Minamata convention, and in line with other developed economies, the Indian government is set to ban the use of mercury sphygmomanometers by end of the year 2020. However, the Mercury sphygmomanometer is still widely used by clinicians in India. We conducted a survey to gauge the confidence of Indian clinicians on three primary devices of blood pressure (BP) measurement - mercury sphygmomanometer, aneroid sphygmomanometer and automatic digital BP monitor.

An Imageless Ultrasound Device to Measure Local and Regional Arterial Stiffness.

Arterial stiffness (AS) has been shown to be an important marker for risk assessment of cardiovascular events. Local arterial stiffness (LAS) is conventionally measured by evaluating arterial distensibility at particular arterial sites through ultrasound imaging systems. Regional arterial stiffness (RAS) is generally obtained by evaluating carotid to femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) through tonometric devices.

Carotid and Jugular Classification in ARTSENS.

Over past few years our group has been working on the development of a low-cost device, ARTSENS, for measurement of local arterial stiffness (AS) of the common carotid artery (CCA). This uses a single element ultrasound transducer to obtain A-mode frames from the CCA. It is designed to be fully automatic in its operation such that, a general medical practitioner can use the device without any prior knowledge of ultrasound modality.

An improved method for detection of carotid walls in ARTSENS.

We have been developing a fully automated ultrasound based imageless system to facilitate mass screening of patients for future risk of cardiovascular diseases. The device shall enable a general medical practitioner to non-invasively measure the local arterial stiffness of common carotid artery (CCA) and has been acronymed ARTerial Stiffness Evaluation for Non-invasive Screening (ARTSENS™). Complete automation of the system requires providing assistance in placement of probe over the CCA location and automatic identification of approximate location of proximal wall (PW) and distal wall (DW) of the CCA.

Evaluation of the algorithm for automatic identification of the common carotid artery in ARTSENS.

Arterial compliance (AC) is an indicator of the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and it is generally estimated by B-mode ultrasound investigation. The number of sonologists in low- and middle-income countries is very disproportionate to the extent of CVD. To bridge this gap we are developing an image-free CVD risk screening tool-arterial stiffness evaluation for non-invasive screening (ARTSENS™) which can be operated with minimal training.

Automatic measurement of lumen diameter of carotid artery in A-Mode ultrasound.

Accurate measurement of lumen diameter is essential for correct estimation of arterial compliance. We have been developing a new non-invasive arterial compliance measurement tool using a single element ultrasound transceiver. In this paper we propose a new method for measurement of lumen diameter from single line of Radio-Frequency Signal (RF) obtained from the common carotid artery (CCA).

Automated system for imageless evaluation of arterial compliance.

Evaluation of arterial compliance is very significant in early detection of coronary heart disease. Here we present an imageless portable system for automated estimation of local arterial compliance, designed to be operated by a general medical practitioner with no prior knowledge of ultrasonography. An algorithm for automatic detection and tracking of the arterial wall locations has been developed to minimize the operator expertise required for measurement.