Evaluation of changes in ocular surface disease index score and meibomian gland parameters in primary pterygium.

Background: Pterygium is a commonly occurring ocular pathology, characterized by a benign proliferation of conjunctiva which extends onto the corneal surface. Abnormal tear film and meibomian gland (MG) dysfunction have been linked to pterygium development.

Aims: This study was done to evaluate the changes taking place in the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score and other tear film parameters with MG parameters in patients of primary pterygium as well as evaluation of the relation between them in pterygium.

Ocular associations of metabolic syndrome.

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of diseases including central obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and high blood pressure. People with metabolic syndrome have been shown to be at an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease, beyond the risk associated with individual components of the syndrome. The association of diabetes and hypertension with retinopathy, cataract, and raised intraocular pressure is well known.

The eye as a window to rare endocrine disorders.

The human eye, as an organ, can offer critical clues to the diagnosis of various systemic illnesses. Ocular changes are common in various endocrine disorders such as diabetes mellitus and Graves' disease. However there exist a large number of lesser known endocrine disorders where ocular involvement is significant.