Gastrointestinal endoscopy 30-day-associated bacteremia: Nonoutbreak 5-year review in an inner-city, tertiary-care hospital.

Background: Gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures (GIEP's) are an essential part of patient care both diagnostically and therapeutically. Post-GIEP infections may be higher than previously reported and may not have been accurately captured in the past. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and associated factors of bacteremia associated with GIEP's.

Humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variants including omicron in solid organ transplant recipients after three doses of a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine.

Objectives: Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTR) receiving post-transplant immunosuppression show increased COVID-19-related mortality. It is unclear whether an additional dose of COVID-19 vaccines can overcome the reduced immune responsiveness against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants.

Methods: We analysed humoral immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants in 53 SOTR receiving SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.

Clinical profile and distribution of peripheral retinal changes in myopic population in a hospital-based study in North India.

Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence of different types of peripheral retinal changes in a myopic population in North India and correlate them with axial length.

Methods: This cross-sectional, hospital-based survey included 600 eyes of 300 myopic individuals, aged between 10 and 40 years, attending the outdoor ophthalmology clinic of a tertiary eye care hospital in North India were examined from July 2019 to July 2020. They were divided into mild, moderate, high, and severe myopia according to the spherical equivalent of refraction.

Clinical Presentation and Management of Eyes with Globe Perforation during Peribulbar and Retrobulbar Anesthesia: A Retrospective Case Series.

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical presentation, management, and outcome of eyes with an inadvertent globe perforation during peribulbar or retrobulbar block.

Methods: This retrospective study evaluated the eyes which had an accidental globe perforation during local ocular anesthesia from 2012 to 2020. The patients were divided into three groups: group 1, Clear media with no rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD); group 2, significant vitreous hemorrhage (VH) precluding the retinal view without RRD; and group 3, RRD with/without VH.

Clinical characteristics of morning glory disc anomaly in South India.

Purpose: Reports of morning glory disc anomaly (MGDA) in India have mostly been case reports. The aim of this study was to describe the demographic and clinical profile of patients with MGDA in South India.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective review of the medical records of patients with MGDA seen at a tertiary eye hospital in South India over a period of 8 years was carried out.

Comparison of platelet-rich plasma and inverted internal limiting membrane flap for the management of large macular holes: A pilot study.

Purpose: To compare the safety and efficacy of 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with either platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or inverted internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap for the treatment of large macular hole.

Methods: Pseudophakic patients with idiopathic macular holes with a minimum diameter (MD) of 600-1500 μm were randomized into two groups (30 patients each): 25-gauge PPV with either inverted ILM flap (group A) or PRP (group B).

Results: Mean MD in groups A and B were 803.

Splenic infarction in alcoholic hepatitis.

Splenic infarctions have been reported in cirrhotic patients with comorbidities (e.g., primary biliary cirrhosis), but there is little to no mention of spontaneous splenic infarction in alcoholic hepatitis.

Factors Determining Diabetic Remission after Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Prospective Study.

Background: An exponential rise in the prevalence of obesity and the associated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has led to an explosion in the field of bariatric surgery worldwide. It has been proposed that laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) not only results in excess weight loss (EWL) but also leads to excellent glycemic control.

Aims: However, not every patient benefits from the bariatric surgery.

Plasma ghrelin levels after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in obese individuals.

Background & Objectives: Ghrelin is an orexigenic gut hormone expressed by the gastric fundus. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) procedure involves resection of the gastric fundus leading to a decreased appetite and weight loss. This study was undertaken to determine the levels of plasma ghrelin after sleeve gastrectomy in obese patients.

Role of Hunger Hormone "Ghrelin" in Long-Term Weight Loss Following Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy.

Introduction: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) has become a popular weight loss technique in morbidly obese patients. The aim of our study was to evaluate the changes in plasma ghrelin levels in relation to weight loss following LSG and to study the efficacy of LSG in terms of long-term glycemic control and resolution of diabetes.

Methodology: The study was conducted on 70 morbidly obese patients (body mass index [BMI] >40 kg/m) or severely obese patients (BMI >35 kg/m) with comorbidities who underwent LSG in Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India.

Risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity in a district in South India: A prospective cohort study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence, severity, and associated risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in a district in South India.

Methods: This was a prospective, observational, cohort study involving babies at risk of ROP conducted in five Neonatal Intensive Care Units in a district in Tamil Nadu, South India. All babies with gestational age at birth of ≤36 weeks and a birth weight (BW) of ≤1900 g with a follow-up period of at least 6 months were enrolled for the study.

A rare case of overlapping Sturge-Weber syndrome and Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome associated with bilateral refractory childhood glaucoma.

A 6-year-old girl presented with blurred vision and was found to have elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and glaucomatous optic disc damage in both eyes. She also displayed capillary malformations on the face (port-wine stain), upper back and all four limbs, angiomatosis in the brain and had hypertrophy of the left upper and lower limbs typical of overlapping Sturge-Weber syndrome and Klippel-Trenaunay syndromes. She was initially managed with IOP lowering topical medications but required trabeculectomy in the right eye followed by Ahmed valve implantation in both eyes.

Effects of Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy on Central Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Indian Adults- A Prospective Study.

Introduction: Increasing incidence of obesity in Indian population has led to an exponential rise in the number of bariatric operations performed annually. Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy (LSG) has been proposed to cause rapid remission of Type 2 Diabetes Melitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome in a weight loss independent manner.

Aim: To evaluate the effects of LSG on metabolic syndrome and central obesity in morbidly and severely obese Indian adults.

Solution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of Sterol Carrier Protein 2 Like 2 (SCP2L2) Reveal the Insecticide Specific Structural Characteristics of SCP2 Proteins in Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes.

Sterol carrier protein 2 like 2 from Aedes aegypti (AeSCP2L2) plays an important role in lipid transport in mosquitoes for its routine metabolic processes. Repeated unsuccessful attempts to crystallize ligand free SCP2L2 prompted us to undertake nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to determine its three-dimensional structure. We report here the three-dimensional structures and dynamics of apo-AeSCP2L2 and its complex with palmitate.

Role of Amylase and Lipase Levels in Diagnosis of Blunt Trauma Abdomen.

Introduction: Blunt Trauma Abdomen (BTA) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality amongst all age groups. Spectrum of injury may vary from simple to life threatening multi organ involvement and therefore proper assessment and diagnosis becomes very important.

Aim: To evaluate the role of serum amylase and lipase in diagnosis of blunt trauma abdomen.

Treatment Modalities and Clinical Outcomes in Ocular Sequelae of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome Over 25 Years--A Paradigm Shift.

Purpose: To highlight and compare the outcomes of management for the ocular sequelae of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) over 25 years in a tertiary eye care institute.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of 798 eyes of 399 patients with SJS evaluated between January 1990 and December 2004 (group I) and of 847 eyes of 517 patients between January 2005 and December 2014 (group II) was done. The primary and secondary outcome measures were a change in the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and an improvement in the symptoms and the ocular surface status, respectively.

A case of spontaneously resolved primary congenital glaucoma.

Primary congenital glaucoma usually presents as enlarged and hazy cornea at birth or early childhood. The diagnosis is based on a thorough clinical examination under anesthesia. Most cases require surgical intervention as the definitive treatment.

Interphase gap as a means to reduce electrical stimulation thresholds for epiretinal prostheses.

Objective: Epiretinal prostheses are designed to restore functional vision to the blind by electrically stimulating surviving retinal neurons. These devices have classically employed symmetric biphasic current pulses in order to maintain a balance of charge. Prior electrophysiological and psychophysical studies in peripheral nerve show that adding an interphase gap (IPG) between the two phases makes stimulation more efficient than pulses with no gap.