Spatial and temporal assessment of snake encounters in urban Delhi, India.

Delhi, the capital city of India is, highly urbanized and surrounded by remnant forest, farms, ridges, and other green areas experience regular snake encounters in and around residential, institutional, and industrial areas. A total of 41 months of sampling from January 2019 to May 2022 was conducted wherein we, studied the snake assemblage in Delhi to determine the species composition, encounter frequency, seasonal activity patterns, and probable encounter sites in an urban setup. We documented 372 individuals belonging to 15 species from seven families out of 23 species found in Delhi.

Role of EGFR and HER-2/NEU Expression in Gall Bladder Carcinoma (GBC).

 Gall bladder carcinoma (GBC) is the most common malignancy of the biliary tract. Being known for its geographical and racial variations, and compared with the global statistics, its incidence is higher in the Indian subcontinent, mainly in the northern and eastern regions, accounting for 80 to 95% of cases.  This study was conducted to evaluate the clinic-pathological spectrum and expression of EGFR and HER-2/NEU in GBCs and to understand their relation to prognosis, paving the way for targeted therapies for better treatment outcomes and patient survival.

Evaluation of diagnostic utility of imprint cytology in paediatric renal tumours with special references to Ki 67 proliferative marker.

Background: Pediatric renal neoplasms comprise about 7%-8% of all neoplasms in children. Wilms tumour (WT) is the most common among pediatric renal tumours.

Aims And Objectives: The study was undertaken to study the epidemiological occurrence of pediatric renal tumours in a tertiary care hospital and to ascertain the validity and reliability of touch smear imprint cytology in intraoperative diagnosis of renal tumours and correlate with subsequent histopathological diagnosis and to assess the expression of proliferation marker Ki-67 in different components and stages of WT.

FNAC Versus Core Needle Biopsy: A Comparative Study in Evaluation of Palpable Breast Lump.

Introduction: Breast carcinoma is the most common malignant tumour and the leading cause of carcinoma death in women in world. The main purpose of FNAC or CNB of breast lumps is to confirm cancer preoperatively and to avoid unnecessary surgery in specific benign conditions.

Aims And Objective: The objective of the study was to compare between Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) and Core Needle Biopsy (CNB) in the diagnosis of breast carcinoma with final histological diagnosis from excision specimen as it is gold standard.

Clinicohematological profiles of hospitalized patients with dengue in kolkata in 2012 epidemic, west bengal.

Dengue usually presents itself with subclinical or mild infection to full blown dengue fever (DF) to dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). In Kolkata, dengue started in 1824 followed by five epidemics that occurred in 1836, 1906, 1911, 1923 and 2005. The aim of this investigation is to study the clinicohematological correlation of all patients with respect to their gender that were admitted to "Kali Pada Chowdhury Medical College and Hospital" during 2012 epidemic.

Critical clinical appraisal of the role of computed tomography-guided minimally invasive aspiration cytology in evaluation of retroperitoneal masses.

Context: Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is increasing in popularity as a means of diagnosing mass lesions in retroperitoneal area. With use of radiologic guidance for needle placement, this technique is an effective way to obtain diagnostic material.

Aims: The aims of the study were (1) to establish the validity and reliability of fine needle aspiration cytology in preoperative diagnosis of retroperitoneal tumor, and (2) to compare the significance of cytological diagnosis with histopathological report.

Correlation of cytohistlogical expression and serum level of ca125 in ovarian neoplasm.

Unlabelled: Context or Background: CA125 is a biomarker that has potential utility across the spectrum: risk assessment, early detection, diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring and therapy.

Aims And Objectives: This study was conducted to establish the validity and reliability of correlation of CA125 serum level with immunochemistry expression in imprint cytology and tissues for diagnostic purpose.

Materials And Methods: A prospective study was done on 50 cases of clinically and radiologically diagnosed ovarian tumor.

Impact of image guided fine needle aspiration cytology in diagnosis of pediatric hepatic mass and cytohistologic concordance.

Background: Pediatric hepatic mass is a heterogeneous group of benign and malignant lesions. Percutaneous fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) can be utilized as a diagnostic modality to assess the nature of radiologically demonstrated hepatic lesions and thus facilitate individualized treatment.

Aims And Objective: The objective of the present study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of percutaneous FNAC of pediatric liver masses, a procedure that is less invasive than open biopsy.

Epidemiology of gastric cancer in the gangetic areas of west bengal.

There is marked geographical variation in the distribution and incidence of stomach cancer. We tried here to describe the pattern of relationships of age, sex, religion distribution, symptom profile, histological subtypes and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection with gastric cancer in Gangetic West Bengal.

Spectrum of hepatic dysfunction in 2012 dengue epidemic in Kolkata, West Bengal.

Dengue fever (DF) may present as uncomplicated dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), or dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Transient intense viremia is responsible for mild, moderate, or severe hepatic dysfunction. Our aim was to evaluate the spectrum of hepatic dysfunction and evidence of plasma leakage in different stages of dengue fever in this epidemic.

Benzofuran Derivatives as Potent, Orally Active S1P1 Receptor Agonists: A Preclinical Lead Molecule for MS.

We have discovered novel benzofuran-based S1P1 agonists with excellent in vitro potency and selectivity. 1-((4-(5-Benzylbenzofuran-2-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)methyl) azetidine-3-carboxylic acid (18) is a potent S1P1 agonist with >1000× selectivity over S1P3. It demonstrated a good in vitro ADME profile and excellent oral bioavailability across species.

Exploration of amino alcohol derivatives as novel, potent, and highly selective sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor subtype-1 agonists.

In pursuit of a potent and highly selective sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonists with an improved in vivo conversion of the precursor to the active phospho-drug, we have utilized previously reported phenylamide and phenylimidazole scaffolds to identify a selectivity enhancing moiety (SEM) and selectivity enhancing orientation (SEO) within both pharmacophores. SEM and SEO have allowed for over 100 to 500-fold improvement in selectivity for S1P receptor subtype 1 over subtype 3. Utility of SEM and SEO and further SAR study allowed for discovery of a potent and selective preclinical candidate PPI-4955 (21b) with an excellent in vivo potency and dose responsiveness and markedly improved overall in vivo pharmacodynamic properties upon oral administration.

Synthesis and evaluation of arylalkoxy- and biarylalkoxy-phenylamide and phenylimidazoles as potent and selective sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor subtype-1 agonists.

In pursuit of potent and selective sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonists, we have utilized previously reported phenylamide and phenylimidazole scaffolds to explore extensive side-chain modifications to generate new molecular entities. A number of designed molecules demonstrate good selectivity and excellent in vitro and in vivo potency in both mouse and rat models. Oral administration of the lead molecule 11c (PPI-4667) demonstrated potent and dose-responsive lymphopenia.

Synthesis and evaluation of alkoxy-phenylamides and alkoxy-phenylimidazoles as potent sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor subtype-1 agonists.

In the design of potent and selective sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonists, we were able to identify two series of molecules based on phenylamide and phenylimidazole analogs of FTY-720. Several designed molecules in these scaffolds have demonstrated selectivity for S1P receptor subtype 1 versus 3 and excellent in vivo activity in mouse. Two molecules PPI-4621 (4b) and PPI-4691 (10a), demonstrated dose responsive lymphopenia, when administered orally.

Novel triazole based inhibitors of Ras farnesyl transferase.

A novel series of potent inhibitors of Ras farnesyl transferase possessing a 1,2,4-triazole pharmacophore is described. These inhibitors were discovered from a parallel synthesis effort and were subsequently optimized to in vitro IC(50) value of less than 1nM.

Novel beta-(imidazol-4-yl)-beta-amino acids: solid-phase synthesis and study of their inhibitory activity against geranylgeranyl protein transferase type I.

Solid-phase synthesis of imidazolyl-beta-amino acid derivatives is described. Several analogs demonstrated moderate inhibition of geranylgeranyl protein transferase type I (GGPT I).

Intensified pulse polio immunisation coverage in slums of a metropolitan city: an appraisal.

A study was conducted by house-to-house visit during 2nd and 3rd round of IPPI in Nov and Dec 2000 in two slums adjacent to Medical College Kolkata. Total houses visited in these two rounds were 2836 and 611 children were immunised at home. Mothers of 503 children (who did not receive IPPI dose at booth on NIDs) were interviewed.

4-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl heterocycle as an alternative to the 1-methylimidazol-5-yl moiety in the farnesyltransferase inhibitor ZARNESTRA.

Replacement of the 1-methylimidazol-5-yl moiety in the farnesyltransferase inhibitor ZARNESTRA series by a 4-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl group gave us compounds with similar structure-activity relationship profiles showing that this triazole is potentially a good surrogate to imidazole for farnesyltransferase inhibition.