Ethnomedicinal herbs in African traditional medicine with potential activity for the prevention, treatment, and management of coronavirus disease 2019.

Background: Ethnomedicine, a study of traditional medicine, is significant in drug discovery and development. African traditional medicine has been in existence for several thousands of years, and several drugs have been discovered and developed from it.

Main Text: The deadly coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by a novel coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2 has widely spread globally with high mortality and morbidity.

Assessment of reproductive function in male albino rat fed dietary meal supplemented with seed powder.

The occurrence of conflicting reports on the improvement of male reproductive function among humans fed diet containing the seed of (MP) have raised a major concern in Nigeria. We assessed the effect of MP seed powder on the reproductive function in 32 adult male albino rats randomized to 4 groups of 8 rats each for 8 weeks. Group 1 (control) was given standard rat chow while groups 2, 3 and 4 were fed diets containing MP seed powder at 0.

Effect of gasoline fumes on reproductive function in male albino rats.

The increase in the frequency of exposure to gasoline fumes and the growing incidence of infertility among humans has been a major concern and subject of discussion over the years in Nigeria. We therefore present the reproductive effect of gasoline fumes on inhalation exposure in 40 male albino rats. The rats were randomized into five experimental treatments (T) with eight rats per treatment.

Reproductive toxicity of Roundup herbicide exposure in male albino rat.

The incidence of infertility in human is on the increase and the use of Roundup herbicide and presence of its residues in foodstuff is a major concern. This study therefore aim to assess the effect of Roundup on the reproductive capacity of 32 adult male albino rats randomized into 4 groups of 8 rats per group orally exposed to Roundup at 3.6mg/kg body weight(bw), 50.

Cajachalcone: An Antimalarial Compound from Cajanus cajan Leaf Extract.

Cajanus cajan L, a member of the family Fabaceae, was identified from the Nigerian antimalarial ethnobotany as possessing antimalarial properties. The bioassay-guided fractionation of the crude methanol extract of C. cajan leaves was done in vitro using the multiresistant strain of Plasmodium falciparum (K1) in the parasite lactate dehydrogenase assay.

Ethnobotanical survey and cytotoxicity testing of plants of South-western Nigeria used to treat cancer, with isolation of cytotoxic constituents from Cajanus cajan Millsp. leaves.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: There is only scant literature on the anticancer components of medicinal plants from Nigeria, yet traditional healers in the area under study claim to have been managing the disease in their patients with some success using the species studied.

Aim Of Study: To document plants commonly used to treat cancer in South-western Nigeria and to test the scientific basis of the claims using in vitro cytotoxicity tests.

Methods: Structured questionnaires were used to explore the ethnobotanical practices amongst the traditional healers.

Antiplasmodial compounds from Cassia siamea stem bark extract.

Cassia siamea L. (Fabaceae) was identified from the southwest Nigerian ethnobotany as a remedy for febrile illness. This led to the bioassay-guided fractionation of stem bark of the plant extract, using the parasite lactate dehydrogenase assay and multi-resistant strain of Plasmodium falciparum (K1) for assessing the in vitro antimalarial activity.

In vitro cytotoxicity studies of 20 plants used in Nigerian antimalarial ethnomedicine.

Twenty plants identified and selected from Southwest and Middle belt Nigerian antimalarial ethnopharmacology were evaluated for in vitro cytotoxicity using the brine shrimp lethality assay. The methanol extracts of 20 plant samples from 11 plant families were subjected to the assay. Of the studied plants, Lippia multiflora and Morinda lucida bark were found to be cytotoxic, with LC(50) values of 1.

The use of powder and essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus against mould deterioration and aflatoxin contamination of "egusi" melon seeds.

Experiments were carried out to determine the potential of using the powder and essential oil from dried ground leaves of Cymbopogon citratus (lemon grass) to control storage deterioration and aflatoxin contamination of melon seeds. Four mould species: Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, A.

Efficacy of herbal remedies used by herbalists in Oyo State Nigeria for treatment of Plasmodium falciparum infections--a survey and an observation.

In the course of evaluating the contribution of phytomedicine to possible drug discovery of antimalarial drugs, an ethnomedical survey of specialized children traditional clinics was done. In the observational multi center study, efficacy of eight different herbal remedies, each consisting of 3-8 ingredients and administered by herbalists were investigated in clients enrolled in the six traditional clinics in Oyo (urban center) and Otu (rural center) of Oyo State, Nigeria. The clients, aged between six months and fifteen years with clinical symptoms of malaria were enrolled in the clinics of the herbalists, as their usual practice.

Cultural categorization of febrile illnesses in correlation with herbal remedies used for treatment in Southwestern Nigeria.

The ethnographic study was conducted in two communities in Oyo State in Southwestern Nigeria. The study sites consisted of a rural and an urban local government area located in the tropical rain forest zone of Nigeria. The study was designed to obtain information on febrile illnesses and herbal remedies for treatment with the aim of identifying potential antimalarial drugs.

Antimicrobial screening of Bridelia, micrantha, Alchormea cordifolia and Boerhavia diffusa.

This report is on the antimicrobial potential of Bridelia micrantha, Alchornea cordifolia and Boerhavia diffusa sourced from traditional healers through an ethnobotanical survey of antiinfective plants in Egbado South in Ogun State, Nigeria. Extracts of B. micrantha and A.

Antimicrobial potential of Spondias mombin, Croton zambesicus and Zygotritonia crocea.

The antimicrobial activity of Spondias mombin, Croton zambesicus and Zygotritonia crocea sourced from herbalists through an ethnobotanical survey of Egbado-South in Ogun State in Nigeria is reported. The extracts of the leaf of Spondias mombin and the stem bark of Croton zambesicus exhibited wide spectrum antibacterial effects comparable to those of ampicillin and gentamycin. The antifungal effect of extracts of Zygotritonia crocea and Croton zambesicus were comparable to those of tioconazole.