Livestock, farms, abattoirs, and food supply systems can become the source of foodborne pathogens, including , in the absence of monitoring, general hygienic practices, and control. Studies are scarce on reservoirs (hiding places) and routes of entry of into the food supply chain in Ethiopia. To fill these gaps, we evaluated the role of cows (milk), meat, equipment, and food handlers on the abundance and AMR of in five geographical areas in central Oromia, Ethiopia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFspp., particularly and , are major food safety concerns, transmitted to humans mainly via contaminated poultry meat. In a previous study, we found that some commercial broiler farms consistently produced -free flocks while others consistently reared -colonized flocks, and significant differences in the gut microbiota compositions between the two types of farm categories were revealed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAntibiotics must be safe and effective for use in both human and veterinary medicine. However, information about the efficacy of different brands of antibiotics commonly used in veterinary practices is lacking in Ethiopia. In this study, we determined the efficacy of three brands of penicillin-streptomycin (Pen&strep, Penstrep, and Pro&strep) by performing antimicrobial susceptibility testing against isolated from cow milk from dairy farms in the towns of Sebata and Bishoftu, Central Ethiopia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance in a major foodborne bacterial pathogen, , derived from cattle has recently become prevalent and poses a significant public health concern. However, the underlying factors for this increase are not entirely clear. To evaluate the effect of enrofloxacin treatment on FQ-resistance development in , 35 commercial calves were equally divided into five groups (Groups 1-5) and were orally inoculated with FQ-susceptible (FQ-S) .
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe enormous and diverse population of microorganisms residing in the digestive tracts of humans and animals influence the development, regulation, and function of the immune system. Recently, the understanding of the association between autoimmune diseases and gut microbiota has been improved due to the innovation of high-throughput sequencing technologies with high resolutions. Several studies have reported perturbation of gut microbiota as one of the factors playing a role in the pathogenesis of many diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, recurrent diarrhea due to infections.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: species come from a variety of sources and can contaminate milk during milking, cause mastitis and other diseases in animals and humans. The enterotoxins they produce cause food poisoning. Our objectives were to isolate, biochemically characterize, and determine antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of species from dairy farms in central Oromia, Ethiopia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFis a leading cause of foodborne gastroenteritis. Recent studies have indicated a rise in fluoroquinolone-resistant (FQ-R) in cattle, where FQ is used to control bovine respiratory disease (BRD). To assess the effect of danofloxacin treatment on the development of FQ-resistance in , 30 commercial calves were divided into Group 1, Group 2, and Group 3 ( = 10), and were all inoculated orally with FQ-susceptible (FQ-S) ; seven days later, Group 3 was challenged with transtracheal , and one week later, Group 2 and Group 3 were injected subcutaneously with danofloxacin.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDanofloxacin and enrofloxacin are fluoroquinolones (FQs) used to treat and control bovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex. While low toxicity, high bactericidal activity, and availability in single and multiple dosing regimens make them preferable, the increasing incidence of FQ-resistance in foodborne pathogens and effects on gut microbiota necessitate evaluating their pharmacokinetics (PKs). The objective of this study was to determine the exposure level of gut microbiota to subcutaneously administered FQs and compare their PKs between plasma and feces in healthy and Mannheimia haemolytica infected calves.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe rational use of drugs in veterinary medicine has various significances, such as reducing the risk of drug resistance, increasing efficacy, reducing drug residue, and decreasing adverse drug reactions. A retrospective study was conducted to assess veterinary drug prescribing practices at Batu and Arsi-Negelle district veterinary clinics in the rift valley areas of Ethiopia. A total of 2,464 cases were recorded from the case registration books at both the clinics for diseases treated between September 2012 and February 2015.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnrofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone drug used to prevent and control bovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex in multiple or single doses, ranging from 7.5 to 12.5 mg/kg body weight.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFluoroquinolones, such as danofloxacin, are used to control bovine respiratory disease complex in beef cattle; however, little is known about their effects on gut microbiota and resistome. The objectives were to evaluate the effect of subcutaneously administered danofloxacin on gut microbiota and resistome, and the composition of in calves. Twenty calves were injected with a single dose of danofloxacin, and ten calves were kept as a control.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Safe food is central to social wellbeing. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) are a threat to food safety because they may harbor multiple enterotoxins and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. CNS bacteria are an emerging nosocomial pathogen in public health.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Antimicrobials and anthelmintics are the most commonly used veterinary drugs to control animal diseases. However, widespread use of these drugs could contribute to the emergence of drug resistance. Information on the practice of antimicrobial usage among food animal raising communities in Central Ethiopia is scarce.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBovine Tuberculosis (BTB) is a serious cause of economic losses and public health threat, especially in developing countries. Humans acquire BTB through consumption of raw or undercooked meat, inhalation of aerosol and occupational exposure. A cross-disciplinary approach to study diseases connecting society and biology helps to understand the ways in which social, cultural, behavioral, and economic circumstances influence a healthy life.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAccurate disease reporting, ideally in near real time, is a prerequisite to detecting disease outbreaks and implementing appropriate measures for their control. This study compared the performance of the traditional paper-based approach to animal disease reporting in Ethiopia to one using an application running on smartphones. In the traditional approach, the total number of cases for each disease or syndrome was aggregated by animal species and reported to each administrative level at monthly intervals; while in the case of the smartphone application demographic information, a detailed list of presenting signs, in addition to the putative disease diagnosis were immediately available to all administrative levels a Cloud-based server.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The recent rise in mobile phone use and increased signal coverage has created opportunities for growth of the mobile Health sector in many low resource settings. This pilot study explores the use of a smartphone-based application, VetAfrica-Ethiopia, in assisting diagnosis of cattle diseases. We used a modified Delphi protocol to select important diseases and Bayesian algorithms to estimate the related disease probabilities based on various clinical signs being present in Ethiopian cattle.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the leading causes of gastroenteritis acquired from contaminated foods such as milk and milk products. However, such information is limited in Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the contamination of milk with S.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Ethiopia set an ambitious masterplan to increase chicken meat and egg production from 2015 to 2020. Poultry breeding, multiplication and distribution centers in the country have received executive order to import, amplify and distribute commercial chickens to end users. The biosecurity and the pathogen fauna of the centers have not been evaluated as to whether the centers could implement the mission effectively without any risk.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Staphylococcus species cause mastitis and wound infection in livestock and food poisoning in humans through ingestion of contaminated foods, including meat and dairy products. They are evolving pathogens in that they readily acquire drug resistance, and multiple drug-resistant (MDR) isolates are increasing in human and veterinary healthcare. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of Staphylococci and their drug resistance in dairy farms and abattoir settings of Addis Ababa.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: There is paucity of information regarding the epidemiology of Escherichia coli O157: H7 in developing countries. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of E. coli O157: H7 associated with beef cattle at processing plants and at retail shops in Ethiopia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Ethiopia bears the largest burden of foodborne diseases in Africa, and diarrheal diseases are the second leading causes of premature deaths. Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 causes an asymptomatic infection to severe diarrhea and/or hemolytic-uremic syndrome in humans.
Methods: A total of 440 beef carcass and in-contact surface swabs from 55 butcher shops and 85 minced beef samples from 40 restaurants in central Ethiopia were collected and examined for the presence of E.
Toxoplasmosis is one of the most prevalent parasitic infections of medical and veterinary importance. A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2013 to January 2014 to estimate the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in camels from four districts of Borana zone, Southern Oromia, Ethiopia. In addition, a questionnaire survey was administered to 124 pastoralists to identify possible risk factors and to assess the awareness level of pastoral communities about toxoplasmosis.
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