Identification of nitric oxide mediated defense signaling and its microRNA mediated regulation during infection in black pepper.

Unlabelled: Nitric oxide plays a significant role in the defense signaling during pathogen interaction in plants. Quick wilt disease is a devastating disease of black pepper, and leads to sudden mortality of pepper vines in plantations. In this study, the role of nitric oxide was studied during infection in black pepper variety Panniyur-1.

Facile fabrication of stable wettability gradients on elastomeric surfaces for applications in water collection and controlled cell adhesion.

We have developed a simple and effective method to prepare stable wettability gradients on an elastomeric soft substrate, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). In our method, a partially cured PDMS film composed of a definite ratio of elastomer and crosslinking agent was heated over a hot surface with a temperature gradient. This causes differential thermal curing of the PDMS film and the water contact angle (wettability) of the resultant surface showed gradual variation across the length.

Folate targeting self-limiting hyperthermic nanoparticles for controlled photothermal therapy.

Photothermal therapy utilizes photothermal agents and the use of nanoparticle agents is deemed advantageous for multiple reasons. Common nano-photothermal agents normally have high conversion efficiencies and heating rates, but bulk temperature measurement methods do not adequately represent the nanoscale temperatures of these nanoheaters. Herein, we report on the fabrication of self-limiting hyperthermic nanoparticles that can simultaneously photoinduce hyperthermia and report back temperature ratiometrically.

Current perspectives on mitochondrial dysfunction in migraine.

Mitochondria are an autonomous organelle that plays a crucial role in the metabolic aspects of a cell. Cortical spreading depression (CSD) and fluctuations in the cerebral blood flow have for long been mechanisms underlying migraine. It is a neurovascular disorder with a unilateral manifestation of disturbing, throbbing and pulsating head pain.

Evaluation of impact of sludge types and solids content on sludge treatment using microwave enhanced advanced oxidation process.

The microwave enhanced advanced oxidation process (MW-AOP) has been applied to pre-treat different sludge types and high solids content. Secondary sludge not only had the highest solids and nutrient content but also yielded higher treatment efficiency than primary or mixed sludge. In the case of secondary sludge with 4% total solids (TS), the total suspended solids (TSS) concentration was reduced by 32% while soluble chemical oxygen demand concentration increased from 1% to 40% after treatment at 110°C.

A Genome-Wide Analysis of Pathogenesis-Related Protein-1 () Genes from Reveals Its Critical Role during Infection.

Black pepper ( L.) is a prominent spice that is an indispensable ingredient in cuisine and traditional medicine. , the causative agent of footrot disease, causes a drastic constraint in cultivation and productivity.

"Janus-Faced" α-Synuclein: Role in Parkinson's Disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a pathological condition characterized by the aggregation and the resultant presence of intraneuronal inclusions termed Lewy bodies (LBs) and Lewy neurites which are mainly composed of fibrillar α-synuclein (α-syn) protein. Pathogenic aggregation of α-syn is identified as the major cause of LBs deposition. Several mutations in α-syn showing varied aggregation kinetics in comparison to the wild type (WT) α-syn are reported in PD (A30P, E46K, H 50Q, G51D, A53E, and A53T).

The Taming of Nuclear Factor Erythroid-2-Related Factor-2 (Nrf2) Deglycation by Fructosamine-3-Kinase (FN3K)-Inhibitors-A Novel Strategy to Combat Cancers.

Glycated stress is mediated by the advanced glycation end products (AGE) and the binding of AGEs to the receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGEs) in cancer cells. RAGEs are involved in mediating tumorigenesis of multiple cancers through the modulation of several downstream signaling cascades. Glycated stress modulates various signaling pathways that include p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, etc.

Preparation, Spectroscopic Characterization, Theoretical Investigations, and In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Cd(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), and Cu(II) Complexes of 4(3)-Quinazolinone-Derived Schiff Base.

Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of a new Schiff base ligand 3-[[()-(3-hydroxyphenylmethylidene]amino]methylquinazolin43one (HAMQ) and its Cd(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), and Cu(II) complexes (-). The ligand HAMQ was synthesized by reacting 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 3-amino-2-methyl-4(3quinazolinone in a 1:1 molar ratio. The structure of the ligand and its complexes (-) were evaluated using ultraviolet (UV)-visible (Vis) light spectroscopy, H-NMR, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, MS, elemental analysis, conductance data, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).

The Role of Exosomes in Stemness and Neurodegenerative Diseases-Chemoresistant-Cancer Therapeutics and Phytochemicals.

Exosomes exhibit a wide range of biological properties and functions in the living organisms. They are nanometric vehicles and used for delivering drugs, as they are biocompatible and minimally immunogenic. Exosomal secretions derived from cancer cells contribute to metastasis, immortality, angiogenesis, tissue invasion, stemness and chemo/radio-resistance.

Microwave enhanced advanced oxidation treatment of fat, oil and grease (FOG) with organic co-substrates.

Mixtures of fats, oils and grease (FOG) either with dairy manure or with thickened waste secondary sludge (TWSS) were treated using microwave enhanced advanced oxidation process (MW-AOP). For both dairy manure and TWSS mixtures, the maximum increase in soluble COD (SCOD) resulted from the 1:1 mixture by total solids (TS) weight. In the TWSS mixtures, production of volatile fatty acid (VFA) increased with greater FOG content, while there was a decreasing production trend in VFA in dairy manure mixtures.

Synergistic anticancer action of quercetin and curcumin against triple-negative breast cancer cell lines.

Women with the breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1) mutation and loss of BRCA1 expression are reported to have an increased risk of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Targeting BRCA1 modulation might offer a therapeutic option to treat TNBC patients. Our studies detected that BRCA1 is poorly expressed in TNBC cell lines and highly expressed in ER breast cancer cell lines.

The sRNAome mining revealed existence of unique signature small RNAs derived from 5.8SrRNA from Piper nigrum and other plant lineages.

Small RNAs derived from ribosomal RNAs (srRNAs) are rarely explored in the high-throughput data of plant systems. Here, we analyzed srRNAs from the deep-sequenced small RNA libraries of Piper nigrum, a unique magnoliid plant. The 5' end of the putative long form of 5.

Microwave enhanced oxidation treatment of organic fertilizers.

Background: Liquid organic fertilizers (LOFs) are relatively easier to degrade than those of solid organic fertilizers, and the nutrients are readily available for plant uptake. Microwave enhanced advanced oxidation treatment (MW/H O -AOP) was used to convert solid organic fertilizers (insoluble blood meal, bone meal, feather meal, sunflower ash and a mixture) into LOF.

Results: After the MW/H O -AOP treatment, high soluble nitrogen (11-29%), soluble phosphorus (64%) and potassium (92%), as well as low total suspended solids content could be obtained.

Microwave treatment of dairy manure for resource recovery: Reaction kinetics and energy analysis.

A newly designed continuous-flow 915 MHz microwave wastewater treatment system was used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the microwave enhanced advanced oxidation process (MW/HO-AOP) for treating dairy manure. After the treatment, about 84% of total phosphorus and 45% of total chemical oxygen demand were solubilized with the highest HO dosage (0.4% HO per %TS).

Treatment of sewage sludge in a continuous-flow radiofrequency-oxidation system.

This study explored the applicability of a pilot-scale continuous-flow radiofrequency (RF) heating system to treat sewage sludge by the RF-oxidation process (RF/HO). Depending on temperature and hydrogen peroxide dosage, high amounts of soluble chemical oxygen demand and volatile fatty acid were produced, and phosphates, nitrogen, and metals were solubilized. A high temperature and/or a higher HO dosage implemented in this system yielded high solubilization of organic matters.

Transfer RNA Derived Small RNAs Targeting Defense Responsive Genes Are Induced during Phytophthora capsici Infection in Black Pepper (Piper nigrum L.).

Small RNAs derived from transfer RNAs were recently assigned as potential gene regulatory candidates for various stress responses in eukaryotes. In this study, we report on the cloning and identification of tRNA derived small RNAs from black pepper plants in response to the infection of the quick wilt pathogen, Phytophthora capsici. 5'tRFs cloned from black pepper were validated as highly expressed during P.

Unravelling the complexity of microRNA-mediated gene regulation in black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) using high-throughput small RNA profiling.

Analysis of high-throughput small RNA deep sequencing data, in combination with black pepper transcriptome sequences revealed microRNA-mediated gene regulation in black pepper ( Piper nigrum L.). Black pepper is an important spice crop and its berries are used worldwide as a natural food additive that contributes unique flavour to foods.

Radiofrequency-oxidation treatment of sewage sludge.

A novel thermal-chemical treatment technology using radiofrequency heating and oxidants (hydrogen peroxide, ozone and a combination of both) was used for the treatment of sewage sludge. This was to evaluate the process effectiveness on cell disintegration and nutrient release of sludge, physical property changes such as particle size distribution, dewaterability and settleability, and their inter-relationships. The effectiveness of treatment processes was in the following order, from the most to least: thermal-oxidation process, oxidation process and thermal process.

Microwave oxidation treatment of sewage sludge.

Microwave-oxidation treatment of sewage sludge using various oxidants was studied. Two treatment schemes with a combination of hydrogen peroxide and ozone were examined: hydrogen peroxide and ozone were introduced into the sludge simultaneously, followed by microwave heating. The other involved the ozonation first, and then the resulting solution was subjected to microwave and hydrogen peroxide treatment.

Quercetin regulates β-catenin signaling and reduces the migration of triple negative breast cancer.

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by a lack in estrogen, progesterone, and epidermal growth factor 2 receptors. TNBC exhibits most of the characteristics of basal-like and claudin-low breast cancer subtypes. The main contributor in the mortality of TNBC is due to the higher invasive and migratory ability of these tumor cells.

Effects of acidifying reagents on microwave treatment of dairy manure.

Dairy manure, acidified using organic acids (acetic, oxalic, and citric acid) were treated with microwave enhanced advanced oxidation process (MW/H2O2-AOP). The effect of a mixture of oxalic acid and commonly used mineral acids (sulfuric and hydrochloric acid) on MW/H2O2-AOP was also examined. Substantial amounts of phosphorus were released under MW/H2O2-AOP, regardless of organic acid or mineral acid used.

Investigation of the stability and cellular uptake of self-associated monoclonal antibody (MAb) nanoparticles by non-small lung cancer cells.

The inability to deliver MAbs to intracellular targets still remains a limitation to their application in cancer therapy and diagnosis. Selective targeting of MAbs to oncoproteins in cancer cells while avoiding their accumulation in normal cells may reduce some of the well-documented adverse effects accompanying antibody therapy. One of the remarkable characteristics of malignant cells is the alteration in the biological properties of the cellular plasma membrane.

De novo transcriptome sequencing reveals a considerable bias in the incidence of simple sequence repeats towards the downstream of 'Pre-miRNAs' of black pepper.

Next generation sequencing has an advantageon transformational development of species with limited available sequence data as it helps to decode the genome and transcriptome. We carried out the de novo sequencing using illuminaHiSeq™ 2000 to generate the first leaf transcriptome of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.), an important spice variety native to South India and also grown in other tropical regions.