Radiogenomic markers enable risk stratification and inference of mutational pathway states in head and neck cancer.

Purpose: Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are a molecularly, histologically, and clinically heterogeneous set of tumors originating from the mucosal epithelium of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx. This heterogeneous nature of HNSCC is one of the main contributing factors to the lack of prognostic markers for personalized treatment. The aim of this study was to develop and identify multi-omics markers capable of improved risk stratification in this highly heterogeneous patient population.

Single-Center Comparison of [Cu]-DOTAGA-PSMA and [F]-PSMA PET-CT for Imaging Prostate Cancer.

Introduction: the diagnostic performance of [Cu]-DOTAGA-PSMA PET-CT imaging was compared retrospectively to [F]-PSMA PET-CT in prostate cancer patients with recurrent disease and in the primary staging of selected patients with advanced local and possible metastatic disease.

Methods: We retrospectively selected a total of 100 patients, who were consecutively examined in our department, with biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy or who had progressive local and possible metastatic disease in the last 3 months prior to this investigation. All patients were examined with a dedicated PET-CT scanner (Biograph; Siemens Healthineers).

CXCR4 PET/MRI for follow-up of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma after first-line Helicobacter pylori eradication.

Posttreatment evaluation of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma currently relies on esophagogastroduodenoscopy with histological assessment of biopsies. Overexpression of the G protein-coupled C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) has been previously observed in MALT lymphoma. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate positron emission tomography (PET) with the novel CXCR4 tracer [68Ga]Pentixafor as a potential alternative to follow up biopsies for assessment of residual disease (noncomplete remission [CR]) after first-line Helicobacter pylori eradication.

Clinical outcome of standardized Lu-PSMA-617 therapy in metastatic prostate cancer patients receiving 7400 MBq every 4 weeks.

Purpose: [Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 radio-ligand therapy (PSMA-RLT) is emerging in patients with an advanced metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Here, we aimed to estimate the results of PSMA-RLT in terms of response, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) in patients receiving a highly standardized treatment regimen due to mCRPC. The toxicity of PSMA-RLT has also been evaluated.

Prospective non-invasive evaluation of CXCR4 expression for the diagnosis of MALT lymphoma using [Ga]Ga-Pentixafor-PET/MRI.

Unlabelled: MALT lymphomas express the chemokine receptor CXCR4 on a regular basis, and [68Ga]Ga-Pentixafor-PET has been shown to quantify CXCR4 expression non-invasively. We, therefore, aimed to evaluate [68Ga]Ga-Pentixafor-PET/MRI for the non-invasive assessment of MALT lymphomas.

Methods: We included 36 MALT lymphoma patients, who had not undergone previous systemic or radiation therapy, in our prospective, IRB-approved, proof-of-concept study.

UTE-mDixon-based thorax synthetic CT generation.

Purpose: Accurate photon attenuation assessment from MR data remains an unmet challenge in the thorax due to tissue heterogeneity and the difficulty of MR lung imaging. As thoracic tissues encompass the whole physiologic range of photon absorption, large errors can occur when using, for example, a uniform, water-equivalent or a soft-tissue-only approximation. The purpose of this study was to introduce a method for voxel-wise thoracic synthetic CT (sCT) generation from MR data attenuation correction (AC) for PET/MR or for MR-only radiation treatment planning (RTP).

Total thyroidectomy (Tx) versus thionamides (antithyroid drugs) in patients with moderate-to-severe Graves' ophthalmopathy - a 1-year follow-up: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Graves' disease (GD) is characterized by thyrotoxicosis and goiter and arises through circulating autoantibodies that bind to, and stimulate, the thyroid hormone receptor (TSHR). A temporal relation between the onset of hyperthyroidism and the onset of ophthalmopathy, a common extrathyroidal manifestation, has been demonstrated. Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) is typically characterized by an inflammation and expansion of the extraocular muscles and an increase in retroorbital fat.

Abdominal, multi-organ, auto-contouring method for online adaptive magnetic resonance guided radiotherapy: An intelligent, multi-level fusion approach.

Background: Manual contouring remains the most laborious task in radiation therapy planning and is a major barrier to implementing routine Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Guided Adaptive Radiation Therapy (MR-ART). To address this, we propose a new artificial intelligence-based, auto-contouring method for abdominal MR-ART modeled after human brain cognition for manual contouring.

Methods/materials: Our algorithm is based on two types of information flow, i.

Analysis of hematological parameters as prognostic markers for toxicity and survival of Radium treatment.

Radium (Ra) has emerged as treatment prolonging survival in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). As Ra can cause hematotoxicity (HT), pre-existing hematopoiesis might influence the efficacy of Ra and the rate of hematotoxicity, but as to our knowledge such data has not been published yet, we retrospectively conducted an analysis on patients receiving Ra. 54 patients treated with Ra had a median survival of 67 weeks, which was significantly reduced in patients with pre-existing Hb toxicity (Tox) grade 2 (48 weeks = 0.

[C]acetate PET as a tool for diagnosis of liver steatosis.

Purpose: To investigate [C]acetate PET-surrogate parameter of fatty acid synthase activity-as suitable tool for diagnosis and monitoring of liver steatosis.

Methods: In this retrospective study, data were obtained from 83 prostatic carcinoma patients from 1/2008 to 1/2014. Mean HU was calculated from unenhanced CT of all patients from liver with liver HU less than 40 as threshold for liver steatosis.

Evaluation of fatty acid synthase in prostate cancer recurrence: SUV of [(11) C]acetate PET as a prognostic marker.

Aim: High levels of fatty acid synthase have shown to correlate with the aggressiveness of prostate cancer. As [(11) C]acetate exhibits a close correlation with the level of fatty acid synthase, we aimed to assess whether the SUV in [(11) C]acetate PET serves as a suitable prognostic marker in patients with recurrent prostate cancer.

Materials And Methods: In 123 consecutive patients, examined between 2010 and 2014, the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of local recurrences as well as lymph node and bone metastases was measured.

Fatty acid synthase is a metabolic marker of cell proliferation rather than malignancy in ovarian cancer and its precursor cells.

Ovarian cancer (OC) is caused by genetic aberrations in networks that control growth and survival. Importantly, aberrant cancer metabolism interacts with oncogenic signaling providing additional drug targets. Tumors overexpress the lipogenic enzyme fatty acid synthase (FASN) and are inhibited by FASN blockers, whereas normal cells are FASN-negative and FASN-inhibitor-resistant.

E. coli endotoxin modulates the expression of Sirtuin proteins in PBMC in humans.

Background: Sirtuin (SIRT) proteins are class I histone deacetylases displaying gene regulatory functions in inflammatory, cancer, and metabolic diseases. These SIRT actions involve the nuclear factor κ B and its inhibitor I κ B pathway. However, the regulation of SIRT in vivo is still unclear.