Alternative activation generates IL-10 producing type 2 innate lymphoid cells.

Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) share cytokine and transcription factor expression with CD4 T2 cells, but functional diversity of the ILC2 lineage has yet to be fully explored. Here, we show induction of a molecularly distinct subset of activated lung ILC2, termed ILC2. These cells produce IL-10 and downregulate some pro-inflammatory genes.

TOX3 is expressed in mammary ER(+) epithelial cells and regulates ER target genes in luminal breast cancer.

Background: A breast cancer susceptibility locus has been mapped to the gene encoding TOX3. Little is known regarding the expression pattern or biological role of TOX3 in breast cancer or in the mammary gland. Here we analyzed TOX3 expression in murine and human mammary glands and in molecular subtypes of breast cancer, and assessed its ability to alter the biology of breast cancer cells.

TOX is required for development of the CD4 T cell lineage gene program.

The factors that regulate thymic development of the CD4(+) T cell gene program remain poorly defined. The transcriptional regulator ThPOK is a dominant factor in CD4(+) T cell development, which functions primarily to repress the CD8 lineage fate. Previously, we showed that nuclear protein TOX is also required for murine CD4(+) T cell development.