A randomised trial to assess the educational benefit of a smartphone otoscope in undergraduate medical training.

Purpose: Competent otoscopy is a key otolaryngology skill for a broad range of medical careers, yet undergraduate's confidence to perform otoscopy is reported as low. Smartphone otoscopes have been suggested to improve undergraduates learning of normal eardrum anatomy because unlike the traditional otoscope, the learner and educator share the same image. This study aimed to evaluate whether a smartphone otoscope could enhance medical undergraduates recognition of common ear pathology.

Anatomy of the infratemporal crest: implications for cross-facial nerve grafting in temporal myoplasty.

Temporalis transfers for reanimation in facial palsy have been criticised for the lack of neural input from a functioning facial nerve. Cross-facial nerve grafting to the deep temporal nerves may provide a solution. An anatomical study was performed to further elucidate the deep temporal nerves (DTN) and arteries, examining anatomical variation and infratemporal distribution.