Echocardiographic Changes in Infants with Severe Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia After Fetoscopic Endoluminal Tracheal Occlusion (FETO).

Fetoscopic endoluminal tracheal occlusion (FETO) induces lung growth and may improve survival in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) but the effect on post-natal right (RV) and left (LV) ventricular size and cardiac function is unknown. Quantitative measures of heart size and function including tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion Z-score (TAPSEZ), RV fractional area change (RVFAC), RV global longitudinal and free wall strain (RVGLS, RVFWS), RV/LV ratio, LV eccentricity index (LVEI), and LV M-mode diastolic and systolic Z-scores (LVIDDZ, LVIDSZ) were compared between FETO and control patients on first post-natal echocardiogram, prior to and post CDH repair, and on last available echocardiogram using non-parametric Wilcoxon rank-sum test in a single-center, retrospective cohort study. Linear regression models evaluated change over time, adjusting for clustering and interaction of echocardiogram parameters with time.

Myeloid DRP1 deficiency limits revascularization in ischemic muscles via inflammatory macrophage polarization and metabolic reprogramming.

Macrophages play a crucial role in promoting perfusion recovery and revascularization after ischemia through antiinflammatory polarization, a process essential for the treatment of peripheral artery disease (PAD). Mitochondrial dynamics, particularly regulated by the fission protein DRP1, are closely linked to macrophage metabolism and inflammation. However, the role of DRP1 in reparative neovascularization remains unexplored.

Disruptions and adaptations of an urban nutrition intervention delivering essential services for women and children during a major health system crisis in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Systematic crises may disrupt well-designed nutrition interventions. Continuing services requires understanding the intervention paths that have been disrupted and adapting as crises permit. Alive & Thrive developed an intervention to integrate nutrition services into urban antenatal care services in Dhaka, which started at the onset of COVID-19 and encountered extraordinary disruption of services.

Ventricular Dysfunction in Patients With Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Who Die After Repair.

Background: Quantitative echocardiographic (echo) measures of ventricular function predict mortality in pediatric pulmonary hypertension (PH), but studies in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH)-related PH are limited. Few studies report quantitative echo data beyond the first week of life in CDH non-survivors.

Methods: A single-center retrospective, cross-sectional, cohort study included CDH patients born between January 2013 and April 2022 who survived to surgical repair but died during the neonatal hospitalization.

Endothelial Drp1 Couples VEGF-induced Redox Signaling with Glycolysis Through Cysteine Oxidation to Drive Angiogenesis.

Angiogenesis plays a vital role for postnatal development and tissue repair following ischemia. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by NADPH oxidases (NOXes) and mitochondria act as signaling molecules that promote angiogenesis in endothelial cells (ECs) which mainly relies on aerobic glycolysis for ATP production. However, the connections linking redox signaling with glycolysis are not well understood.

An Insight into Cubosomal Drug Delivery Approaches: An Explicative Review.

Cubosomes, a novel drug delivery system, have gained significant attention in recent years due to their unique self-assembled structures and enhanced drug encapsulation capabilities. They are administered by oral, ophthalmic, transdermal, and chemotherapeutic routes, to name a few. Due to their many potential benefits-which include high drug dispersal due to the cubic structure, a large surface area, a relatively simple manufacturing process, biodegradability, the capacity to encapsulate hydrophobic, hydrophilic, and amphiphilic compounds, targeted and controlled release of bioactive agents, and the biodegradability of lipids-cubosomes show enormous promise in drug nanoformulations for cancer therapeutics.

Recent Advancements in the Diagnosis and Management of Cancer Using Biomaterials-Fabricated Nanofibers: A Review.

Cancer, a complicated and multi-dimensional medical concern worldwide, can be identified via either the growth of malignant tumours or colonisation of nearby tissues attributing to uncontrollable proliferation and division of cells promoted by several influential factors, including family history, exposure to pollutants, choice of lifestyle, and certain infections. The intricate processes underlying the development, expansion, and advancement of cancer are still being studied. However, there are a variety of therapeutic alternatives available for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer depending on the type and stage of cancer as well as the patient's individuality.

Smart Multifunctional Nanoparticles in Cancer Theranostics: Progress and Prospect.

Background: Worldwide, cancer is the second most common cause of death. Chemotherapy and other traditional cancer treatments have toxicities that affect normal cells in addition to their intended targets, necessitating the development of novel approaches to enhance cell-specific targeting.

Methods: The present work summarizes the scientific information on nanoparticles in cancer theranostics to provide a comprehensive insight into the preventive and therapeutic potential of nanoparticles in cancer.

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Patients with Left Heart Hypoplasia and Left Ventricular Dysfunction Have Highest Odds of Mortality.

Objectives: To describe the scope of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and left heart hypoplasia (LHH) in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), to determine associations with CDH severity, and to evaluate the odds of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and death with categories of left heart disease.

Study Design: Demographic and clinical variables were collected from a single-center, retrospective cohort of patients with CDH from January 2017 through May 2022. Quantitative measures of LV function and LHH were prospectively performed on initial echocardiograms.

Advanced Targeted Drug Delivery of Bioactive Nanomaterials in the Management of Cancer.

Cancer is defined as the unchecked expansion of aberrant cells. Radiation, chemotherapy, and surgery are currently used in combination to treat cancer. Traditional drug delivery techniques kill healthy proliferating cells when used over prolonged periods of time in cancer chemotherapy.

Myeloid Drp1 Deficiency Limits Revascularization in Ischemic Muscles via Inflammatory Macrophage Polarization and Metabolic Reprograming.

In the preclinical model of peripheral arterial disease (PAD), M2-like anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization and angiogenesis are required for revascularization. The regulation of cell metabolism and inflammation in macrophages is tightly linked to mitochondrial dynamics. Drp1, a mitochondrial fission protein, has shown context-dependent macrophage phenotypes with both pro- and anti-inflammatory characteristics.

Opportunities and challenges in delivering maternal and child nutrition services through public primary health care facilities in urban Bangladesh: a qualitative inquiry.

Background: Public primary health facilities are an important source of nutrition services for the urban areas in Bangladesh. We aimed to understand the challenges and facilitators of delivering maternal and child nutrition services through public sector from the perspectives of the users and service providers.

Method: The study was conducted in selected public primary health care facilities and their catchment area in Dhaka city from April-July 2019.

Strengthening Nutrition Interventions during Antenatal Care Improved Maternal Dietary Diversity and Child Feeding Practices in Urban Bangladesh: Results of a Quasi-Experimental Evaluation Study.

Background: Bangladesh is urbanizing rapidly, facing challenges of malnutrition, low coverage and poor quality of urban nutrition services.

Objectives: We assessed the effect of integrating maternal, infant, and young child nutrition interventions, delivered at urban Maternal Neonatal and Child Health facilities, on maternal dietary diversity, iron and folic acid (IFA) and calcium consumption, and child feeding practices.

Methods: We used a quasi-experimental design with a nonrandom assignment of 20 health care facilities in Dhaka to intensive and standard service arms.

Quantitative Measures of Right Ventricular Size and Function by Echocardiogram Correlate with Cardiac Catheterization Hemodynamics in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia.

Objective: To evaluate associations between cardiac catheterization (cath) hemodynamics, quantitative measures of right ventricular (RV) function by echocardiogram, and survival in patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH).

Study Design: This single-center retrospective cohort study enrolled patients with CDH who underwent index cath from 2003 to 2022. Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion z score, RV fractional area change, RV free wall and global longitudinal strain, left ventricular (LV) eccentricity index, RV/LV ratio, and pulmonary artery acceleration time were measured from preprocedure echocardiograms.

Nano-Gels: Recent Advancement in Fabrication Methods for Mitigation of Skin Cancer.

In the 21st century, melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers have become an epidemic outbreak worldwide. Therefore, the exploration of all potential preventative and therapeutic measures based on either physical or bio-chemical mechanisms is essential via understanding precise pathophysiological pathways (Mitogen-activated protein kinase, Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase Pathway, and Notch signaling pathway) and other aspects of such skin malignancies. Nano-gel, a three-dimensional polymeric cross-linked porous hydrogel having a diameter of 20-200 nm, possesses dual properties of both hydrogel and nanoparticle.

Treprostinil in Neonates with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia-Related Pulmonary Hypertension.

Objective: To describe our experience with treprostinil, evaluate correlations with cardiac function, and assess for adverse effects in neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia-related pulmonary hypertension (CDH-PH).

Study Design: A retrospective review of a single-center prospective registry at a quaternary care children's hospital. Patients included in the study had CDH-PH treated with treprostinil between April 2013 and September 2021.

Quality of nutrition services in primary health care facilities of Dhaka city: State of nutrition mainstreaming in urban Bangladesh.

Introduction: Despite high prevalence of malnutrition little is known about the quality of nutrition services provided through urban health systems. This study aimed to fill in knowledge gaps on quality of nutrition service provision at public primary health care facilities in urban Dhaka.

Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted from April-July 2019 in Dhaka City.

Protein disulfide isomerase A1 as a novel redox sensor in VEGFR2 signaling and angiogenesis.

VEGFR2 signaling in endothelial cells (ECs) is regulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from NADPH oxidases (NOXs) and mitochondria, which plays an important role in postnatal angiogenesis. However, it remains unclear how highly diffusible ROS signal enhances VEGFR2 signaling and reparative angiogenesis. Protein disulfide isomerase A1 (PDIA1) functions as an oxidoreductase depending on the redox environment.

Factors associated with discontinuation of pulmonary vasodilator therapy in children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia-associated pulmonary hypertension.

Objective: To evaluate factors associated with discontinuation of pulmonary vasodilator therapy in bronchopulmonary dysplasia-related pulmonary hypertension (BPD-PH).

Study Design: Retrospective study of neonatal, echocardiographic, and cardiac catheterization data in 121 infants with BPD-PH discharged on pulmonary vasodilator therapy from 2009-2020 and followed into childhood.

Result: After median 4.

Using scenario-based assessments to examine the feasibility of integrating preventive nutrition services through the primary health care system in Bangladesh.

The National Nutrition Services of Bangladesh aims to deliver nutrition services through the primary health care system. Little is known about the feasibility of reshaping service delivery to close gaps in nutrition intervention coverage and utilization. We used a scenario-based feasibility testing approach to assess potential implementation improvements to strengthen service delivery.

Violations of International Code of Breast-milk Substitutes (BMS) in commercial settings and media in Bangladesh.

The International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes (BMS) instituted to protect breastfeeding against unethical marketing, has been adopted by many countries, including Bangladesh. Despite national adoption, evidence suggests violations occur and inadequate BMS Code implementation is an issue. The study aimed to assess violations of the International BMS Code and the national 'Breast-milk Substitutes, Infant Foods, Commercially Manufactured Complementary Foods and the Accessories Thereof (Regulation of Marketing) Act, 2013' of Bangladesh in commercial settings (retail outlets and media) in Bangladesh, for different types of milk, bottles, and teats using a standardized Network for Global Monitoring and Support for Implementation of the Code and Subsequent relevant World Health Assembly Resolutions (NetCode) protocol.

Dichotomous Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor in Pulmonary Barrier Function and Alveolar Fluid Clearance.

Alveolar-capillary leak is a hallmark of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a potentially lethal complication of severe sepsis, trauma and pneumonia, including COVID-19. Apart from barrier dysfunction, ARDS is characterized by hyper-inflammation and impaired alveolar fluid clearance (AFC), which foster the development of pulmonary permeability edema and hamper gas exchange. Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) is an evolutionarily conserved pleiotropic cytokine, involved in host immune defense against pathogens and cancer.

Cysteine oxidation of copper transporter CTR1 drives VEGFR2 signalling and angiogenesis.

Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor type 2 (VEGFR2, also known as KDR and FLK1) signalling in endothelial cells (ECs) is essential for developmental and reparative angiogenesis. Reactive oxygen species and copper (Cu) are also involved in these processes. However, their inter-relationship is poorly understood.