Polydopamine-functionalized polyethersulfone membrane: A paradigm advancement in the field of α-amylase stability and immobilization.

Biocatalytic membranes have great potential in various industrial sectors, with the immobilization of enzymes being a crucial stage. Immobilizing enzymes through covalent bonds is a complex and time-consuming process for large-scale applications. Polydopamine (PDA) offers a more sustainable and eco-friendly alternative for enzyme immobilization.

Bioinspired amino acid-functionalized cobalt ferrite nanocomposite: A nanozyme-based colorimetric sensor for sensitive and selective quantification of phenolic compounds and ascorbic acid antioxidant capacity.

The escalating oxidative stress has heightened the daily human demand for diverse antioxidants. Therefore, development of the novel approaches to assess the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of various nutrients is essential. In this study, drawing inspiration from the active site of native peroxidase enzymes, a novel peroxidase (POD)-like nanozyme was developed based on the cobalt ferrite (CoFeO) nanoparticles functionalized with different catalytic amino acids.

Assessment of the efficiency and stability of enzymatic membrane reaction utilizing lipase covalently immobilized on a functionalized hybrid membrane.

Enzyme immobilization in membrane bioreactors has been considered as a practical approach to enhance the stability, reusability, and efficiency of enzymes. In this particular study, a new type of hybrid membrane reactor was created through the phase inversion method, utilizing hybrid of graphene oxide nanosheets (GON) and polyether sulfone (PES) in order to covalently immobilize the Candida rugosa lipase (CRL). The surface of hybrid membrane was initially modified by (3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES), before the use of glutaraldehyde (GLU), as a linker, through the imine bonds.

Lysozyme-immobilized bandage contact lens inhibits the growth and biofilm formation of common eye pathogens in vitro.

Bandage contact lenses have an increased affinity to accumulate tear film proteins and bacteria during wear. Among the wide variety of tear film proteins, lysozyme has attracted the most attention for several reasons, including the fact that it is found at a high concentration in the tear film, has exceptional antibacterial and antibiofilm properties, and its significant deposits onto contact lenses. This study aims to evaluate the effect of lysozyme on bacterial biofilm formation on bandage contact lenses.

Isolation of HLA-G cells using MEM-G/9 antibody-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles for prenatal screening: a reliable, fast and efficient method.

The development of an effective and noninvasive early method for obtaining fetal cells is crucial to prenatal screening. Despite proving the presence of fetal cells in the reproductive tract, their use is limited due to their inability to properly isolate them from maternal cells. Magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) is a simple technique to separate cells.

Post-hydrolysis of cellulose oligomers by cellulase immobilized on chitosan-grafted magnetic nanoparticles: A key stage of butanol production from waste textile.

The recently developed technologies for immobilization of cellulase may address the challenges in costly hydrolysis of cellulose for cellulosic butanol production. In this study, a "hybrid" hydrolysis was developed based on chemical hydrolysis of cellulose to its oligomers followed by enzymatic post-hydrolysis of the resulting "soluble oligomers" by cellulase immobilized on chitosan-coated FeO nanoparticles. This hybrid hydrolysis stage was utilized in the process of biobutanol production from a waste textile, jeans waste, leading to selective formation of glucose and high yield of butanol production by Clostridium acetobutylicum.

Functionalized graphene oxide/FeO nanocomposite: A biocompatible and robust nanocarrier for targeted delivery and release of anticancer agents.

The development of efficient drug nanocarriers has remained an important challenge in advanced drug delivery in human body. Combination of graphene-based nanomaterials and cyanuric chloride (CC), as a linker, may improve the success of drug delivery. Herein, a simple approach was used for the synthesis of superparamagnetic graphene oxide (SPMGO) nanocomposite through a chemical precipitation method.

Assessment of a New Ginsenoside Rh2 Nanoniosomal Formulation for Enhanced Antitumor Efficacy on Prostate Cancer: An in vitro Study.

Introduction: Ginsenoside Rh2, purified from the root, has been demonstrated to possess anticancer properties against various cancerous cells including colorectal, breast, skin, ovarian, prostate, and liver cancerous cells. However, the poor bioavailability, low stability on gastrointestinal systems, and fast plasma elimination limit further clinical applications of Ginsenoside Rh2 for cancer treatments. In this study, a novel formulation of niosomal Ginsenoside Rh2 was prepared using the thin film hydration technique.

Recent developments in enzyme immobilization technology for high-throughput processing in food industries.

The demand for food and beverage markets has increased as a result of population increase and in view of health awareness. The quality of products from food processing industry has to be improved economically by incorporating greener methodologies that enhances the safety and shelf life via the enzymes application while maintaining the essential nutritional qualities. The utilization of enzymes is rendered more favorable in industrial practices via the modification of their characteristics as attested by studies on enzyme immobilization pertaining to different stages of food and beverage processing; these studies have enhanced the catalytic activity, stability of enzymes and lowered the overall cost.

Xylanase immobilization onto trichlorotriazine-functionalized polyethylene glycol grafted magnetic nanoparticles: A thermostable and robust nanobiocatalyst for fruit juice clarification.

The covalent immobilization of xylanase onto the trichlorotriazine-functionalized polyethylene glycol grafted magnetic nanoparticles was exploited to generate a stabilized xylanase with improved catalytic activity and stability. Several tools were deployed to monitor the synthesis and immobilization processes, the loading capacity of nanocarrier, and the structural/chemical characteristics of the nanobiocatalyst. The optimum immobilization yield of xylanase was 260 mg xylanase/g nanocarrier in 20 mM phosphate buffer, pH 6.

The correlation of combined OGG1, CYP1A1 and GSTP1 gene variants and risk of lung cancer of male Iraqi waterpipe tobacco smokers.

Genetic polymorphisms of genes whose products are responsible for activities, such as xenobiotic metabolism, mutagen detoxification and DNA-repair, have been predicted to be associated with the risk of developing lung cancer (LC). The association of LC with tobacco smoking has been extensively investigated, but no studies have focused on the Arab ethnicity. Previously, we examined the association between genetic polymorphisms among Phase I and Phase II metabolism genes and the risk of LC.

Efficient immobilization of pectinase on trichlorotriazine-functionalized polyethylene glycol-grafted magnetic nanoparticles: A stable and robust nanobiocatalyst for fruit juice clarification.

Developing an effective strategy to economically exploitation of pectinase, as one of the most widely used enzymes in food industry, is of utmost importance. Herein, pectinase was covalently immobilized onto polyethylene glycol grafted magnetic nanoparticles via trichlorotriazine with high loading efficiency. The generated immobilized pectinase showed enhanced catalytic activity, improved operational stability, and easily reusability.

Correlation of GSTP1 gene variants of male Iraqi waterpipe (Hookah) tobacco smokers and the risk of lung cancer.

Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) play a role in the detoxification of environmental chemicals and mutagens, such as those inhaled during tobacco smoking. There have been conflicting reports concerning GST polymorphisms as risk factors in the development of lung cancer. No studies focused on Arab populations exposed to Waterpipe (WP) tobacco smoke have been undertaken.

Surface modification of polypropylene membrane for the removal of iodine using polydopamine chemistry.

The development of stable and effective iodine removal systems would be highly desirable in addressing environmental issues relevant to water contamination. In the present research, a novel iodine adsorbent was synthesized by self-polymerization of dopamine (PDA) onto inert polypropylene (PP) membrane. This PP/PDA membrane was thoroughly characterized and its susrface propeties was analyzed by various analytical techniques indcluding field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH), contact angle, and surface free energy measurement.

Magnetic chitosan-copper nanocomposite: A plant assembled catalyst for the synthesis of amino- and N-sulfonyl tetrazoles in eco-friendly media.

A greener, cost efficient and simple method is described to prepare copper nanoparticles (NPs) immobilized on the magnetic chitosan (one of the more versatile polysaccharides) using Euphorbia falcata leaf extract as reducing/stabilizing agent. The prepared catalyst (Cu NPs@FeO-chitosan) was authenticated by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), thermogravimetry/derivative thermogravimetry (TG/DTG), Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and elemental mapping. TEM analysis indicates that Cu NPs with average sizes in 5-10 nm range is formed on magnetic chitosan with the spherical morphology.

Template-oriented synthesis of hydroxyapatite nanoplates for 3D bone printing.

The design of hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoarchitecture is critical for fabricating artificial bone tissues as it dictates the biochemical and the mechanical properties of the final product. Herein, we incorporated a simple hard-template approach to synthesise single crystal nanoplates of HA. We used the 2D graphitic nitride (g-CN) material to prepare an HA sol-gel under hydrothermal conditions.

PEGAylated graphene oxide/superparamagnetic nanocomposite as a high-efficiency loading nanocarrier for controlled delivery of methotrexate.

Polymer-coated nanocarriers play an important role in targeted drug delivery. The use of polymers such as polyethylene glycol increases stability, biocompatibility, and blood circulation time of the drug, and may consequently improve the success of drug delivery. In the present work, a simple approach has been reported for synthesizing polyethylene glycol bis amin (PEGA) functionalized graphene oxide/iron oxide nanocomposite as a remarkable unit for loading drugs.

Hybrid and Composite Scaffolds Based on Extracellular Matrices for Cartilage Tissue Engineering.

Scaffolds fabricated from extracellular matrix (ECM) derivatives are composed of conducive structures for cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation, but generally do not have proper mechanical properties and load-bearing capacity. In contrast, scaffolds based on synthetic biomaterials demonstrate appropriate mechanical strength, but the absence of desirable biological properties is one of their main disadvantages. To integrate mechanical strength and biological cues, these ECM derivatives can be conjugated with synthetic biomaterials.

Preparation of a stable and robust nanobiocatalyst by efficiently immobilizing of pectinase onto cyanuric chloride-functionalized chitosan grafted magnetic nanoparticles.

In industrial processes, effective degradation of polygalacturonic acid using immobilized pectinase is preferred over free one due to its stability and efficient functional reuses. Pectinase was covalently conjugated to the surface of cyanuric chloride functionalized chitosan encapsulated magnetite nanoparticles. The results obtained of various analytical tools and biochemical studies demonstrated successful synthesis and immobilization processes, high immobilization efficiency and loading capacity.

Enzyme Immobilization on Functionalized Graphene Oxide Nanosheets: Efficient and Robust Biocatalysts.

Enzymes are used as biocatalysts for analytical purposes in diagnostics and preparative purposes in large-scale industrial processes. Despite perfect catalytic properties of enzymes, their industrial applications are limited due to the drawbacks regarding the lack of long-term stability under process conditions. The difficulties associated with recycling have to be resolved before enzyme implementation at industrial scale.

Biosensors for wastewater monitoring: A review.

Water pollution and habitat degradation are the cause of increasing water scarcity and decline in aquatic biodiversity. While the freshwater availability has been declining through past decades, water demand has continued to increase particularly in areas with arid and semi-arid climate. Monitoring of pollutants in wastewater effluents are critical to identifying water pollution area for treatment.

Enhancement of Tryptic Digestibility of Milk β-Lactoglobulin Through Treatment with Recombinant Rice Glutathione/Thioredoxin and NADPH Thioredoxin Reductase/Thioredoxin Systems.

β-Lactoglobulin (BLG), a member of lipocalin family, is one of the major bovine milk allergens. This protein exists as a dimer of two identical subunits and contains two intramolecular disulfide bonds that are responsible for its resistance to trypsin digestion and allergenicity. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of reduction of disulfide bonds of BLG with different rice thioredoxins (Trxs) on its digestibility and allergenicity.

Modification of IgE binding to α-casein by proteolytic activity of Enterococcus faecium isolated from Iranian camel milk samples.

Milk is a perfect source of nutrients for neonates. When breast feeding cannot be done, an infant's alimentation is usually initiated to cow's milk, among the primary foods. It has been reported that about 2.

Improvement of stability and reusability of α-amylase immobilized on naringin functionalized magnetic nanoparticles: A robust nanobiocatalyst.

Enzyme immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) can be used as efficient recoverable biocatalysts under strong magnetic responses. In the present work, α-amylase was immobilized onto naringin functionalized MNPs via ionic interactions. For this purpose, the MNPs were functionalized with naringin, as a biocompatible flavonoid.

Allergenicity reduction of bovine milk β-lactoglobulin by proteolytic activity of lactococcus lactis BMC12C and BMC19H isolated from Iranian dairy products.

Nowadays health benefits of bioactive food constituents, known as probiotic microorganisms, are a growing awareness. Cow's milk is a nutritious food containing probiotic bacteria. However, milk allergenicity is one of the most common food allergies.