Regional variations in antimicrobial susceptibility of community-acquired uropathogenic in India: Findings of a multicentric study highlighting the importance of local antibiograms.

Objectives: Evidence-based prescribing is essential to optimize patient outcomes in cystitis. This requires knowledge of local antibiotic resistance rates. Diagnostic and Antimicrobial Stewardship (DASH) to Protect Antibiotics (https://dashuti.

An insight into genes responsible for fosfomycin resistance among uropathogens of asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy: A North Indian study.

Purpose: Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is a common finding during pregnancy. Effective antibiotic treatment could reduce its adverse effects on both mother and fetus. However, emerging antimicrobial resistance limits the treatment options.

Bacterial abundance and antimicrobial resistance patterns of uropathogens among pregnant women with asymptomatic bacteriuria: Association with glycemic status.

Objectives: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), a growing global menace, poses a significant threat to maternal and fetal health. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) causes double trouble in pregnancy, increasing the risk of a variety of infectious morbidities while also raising the possible association with AMR. Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is a common problem in pregnancy, but little research has been done to date explicitly examining the relationship between GDM and ASB and yielded conflicting results.

Microbiological Assessment of Chronic Otitis Media: Aerobic Culture Isolates and Their Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns.

As there are changing trends in the microbiology of chronic otitis media, this study was carried out to look for the current aerobic microbes and their antimicrobial susceptibilities in patients of chronic otitis media from north Indian region. A total of 322 patients who met the inclusion criteria were studied and aerobic ear swab culture was done under aseptic conditions. Gram staining was performed and antibiotic susceptibility testing was done using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton Agar.

Bacteriological and Antibiotic Sensitivity Profile of Cholesteatomatous Otitis Media in Pediatric and Adult Population: Prevailing Scenario in Northern India.

The bacteriological and antimicrobial sensitivity profile of chronic otitis media (COM) varies from region to region and from time to time and may vary among different age group as well. It was against this backdrop of the changing bacteriological profile and sensitivity pattern together with the paucity of categorically separated data of pediatric and adult population, that the present study was undertaken. A total of 193 patients of clinical diagnosis of cholesteatomatous COM with ear discharge and positive culture results were included in the study.

Reliability of carbapenem inactivation method (CIM) and modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM) for detection of OXA-48-like and NDM-1.

Purpose: Carbapenem inactivation method (CIM) and modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM) were recently developed for rapid detection of carbapenemase producing Gram negative bacilli (CP-GNB). In this study we compared the ability of modified Hodge test (MHT), CIM and mCIM to identify CP-GNB in Oman and India.

Methods: Fifty fully characterized and genotyped CP-GNB (26 OXA-48-like, 2 NDM-1 from Oman and 22 NDM-1 from India) and 8 AmpC as controls in India were subjected to MHT, CIM, mCIM and mCIM with in-house modifications.

Qualitative Thematic Analysis of Knowledge and Practices of Surgical Antimicrobial Prophylaxis at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital.

Surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis (SAP) refers to the utilization of antibiotic agents for the prevention of surgical site infections (SSI), to prevent SSI-associated morbidity and mortality, reduce duration and cost of healthcare, and cause minimal adverse drug effects. The adherence rate among surgeons for the available international and national guidelines and optimal practice remains considerably low in many hospitals, especially in developing countries. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and compliance rate for SAP guidelines among various surgical specialties and those involved in providing SAP.

Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of human pathogenic species circulating in a tertiary care hospital of Western Uttar Pradesh in India.

Leptospirosis is identified as an important reemerging zoonotic disease distributed worldwide, caused by Leptospira. This study was carried out to explore the genetic characterization and its phylogenetic analysis of circulating Leptospira species, among the Aligarh region of western Uttar Pradesh in India, utilizing secY gene-based nucleotide sequence. A total of 190 human samples were included in the study.

Prevalence of scrub typhus in pyrexia of unknown origin and assessment of interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interferon-gamma levels in scrub typhus-positive patients.

Background: Scrub typhus is lesser known cause of fever of unknown origin in India. Even if there have been reports documenting the prevalence of scrub typhus in different parts of India, it is still an unknown entity, and clinicians usually do not consider it as differential diagnosis. The present study was performed to document the prevalence of scrub typhus among febrile patients in western part of Uttar Pradesh and to assess the clinical profile of infected patients on the one hand and knowledge, attitude, and practices among clinicians on the other.

Increasing antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens: Is fosfomycin the answer?

Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infectious diseases in clinical practice. The choice of antibiotics for the treatment of UTI is limited by the rising rates of antibiotic resistance. There is an urgent need to discover new effective treatment solutions.

Prevalence of genotype D in chronic liver disease patients with occult HBV infection in northern region of India.

Background: Etiology of nearly 30% cases of chronic viral hepatitis remains undetected. Occult HBV infection (OBI) has emerged as an important clinical entity in this scenario. Apart from prevalence and clinical outcome of OBI patients genotype was determined in northern region of India.

Prevalence and assessment of role of SEN virus in acute and chronic hepatitis in India.

Background And Aim: SEN virus (SENV), is a recently discovered single-stranded DNA virus of Annelloviridae family and is believed may play a role in non A-E hepatitis. We conducted this study to identify the prevalence and clinical association of SENV with acute and chronic hepatitis.

Methods: 135 liver disease patients were studied.

Emergence of coryneform bacteria as pathogens in nosocomial surgical site infections in a tertiary care hospital of North India.

Purpose: A prospective study was conducted to assess the role of coryneform bacteria in surgical site infections among obstetric and gynecological patients undergoing surgery.

Materials And Methods: The surgery was graded according to the degree of contamination, and surgical site infections (SSIs) were classified as superficial or deep. Pus samples were collected from SSIs according to rigorous aseptic precautions, and the quality of specimens was assessed by Q-score.

Characterization of clinical strains of MSSA, MRSA and MRSE isolated from skin and soft tissue infections and the antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticles.

Staphylococcus aureus, particularly methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), is an important cause of pyogenic skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs). MRSA is an important pathogen in the healthcare sector that has neither been eliminated from the hospital nor community environment.

Synthesis and characterization of the antibacterial potential of ZnO nanoparticles against extended-spectrum β-lactamases-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from a tertiary care hospital of North India.

The reemergence of infectious diseases and the continuous development of multidrug resistance among a variety of disease-causing bacteria in clinical setting pose a serious threat to public health worldwide. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) that mediate resistance to third-generation cephalosporin are now observed all over the world in all species of Enterobacteriaceae, especially Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. In this work, ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by the sol-gel method and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM).