A Systematic Literature Review of Mathematical Models for Coinfections: Tuberculosis, Malaria, and HIV/AIDS.

Tuberculosis, malaria, and HIV are among the most lethal diseases, with AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) being a chronic and potentially life-threatening condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Individually, each of these infections presents a significant health challenge. However, when tuberculosis, malaria, and HIV co-occur, the symptoms can worsen, leading to an increased mortality risk.

Fibonacci numbers: A population dynamics perspective.

Fibonacci numbers or Fibonacci sequence is among the most popular numbers or sequence in Mathematics. In this paper, we discuss the sequence in a population dynamics perspective. We discuss the early development of the sequence and interpret the sequence as a number of a hypothetical population.

Estimation of the Basic Reproductive Ratio for Dengue Fever at the Take-Off Period of Dengue Infection.

Estimating the basic reproductive ratio ℛ 0 of dengue fever has continued to be an ever-increasing challenge among epidemiologists. In this paper we propose two different constructions to estimate ℛ 0 which is derived from a dynamical system of host-vector dengue transmission model. The construction is based on the original assumption that in the early states of an epidemic the infected human compartment increases exponentially at the same rate as the infected mosquito compartment (previous work).