Ultra-low-dose CT vs. chest X-ray in non-traumatic emergency department patients - a prospective randomised crossover cohort trial.

Background: Ultra-low-dose CT (ULDCT) examinations of the chest at only twice the radiation dose of a chest X-ray (CXR) now offer a valuable imaging alternative to CXR. This trial prospectively compares ULDCT and CXR for the detection rate of diagnoses and their clinical relevance in a low-prevalence cohort of non-traumatic emergency department patients.

Methods: In this prospective crossover cohort trial, 294 non-traumatic emergency department patients with a clinically indicated CXR were included between May 2nd and November 26th of 2019 (www.

Evaluation of the Temporal Muscle Thickness as an Independent Prognostic Biomarker in Patients with Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma.

In this study, we assessed the prognostic relevance of temporal muscle thickness (TMT), likely reflecting patient's frailty, in patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). In 128 newly diagnosed PCNSL patients TMT was analyzed on cranial magnetic resonance images. Predefined sex-specific TMT cutoff values were used to categorize the patient cohort.

Prognostic impact of sarcopenia in cirrhotic patients stratified by different severity of portal hypertension.

Background And Aims: Portal hypertension (PH) and sarcopenia are common in patients with advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD). However, the interaction between PH and sarcopenia and their specific and independent impact on prognosis and mortality has yet to be systematically investigated in patients with ACLD.

Methods: Consecutive patients with ACLD and hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) ≥10 mm Hg with available CT/MRI imaging were included.

Coronary artery bypass grafting and perioperative stroke: imaging of atherosclerotic plaques in the ascending aorta with ungated high-pitch CT-angiography.

Perioperative stroke is a devastating complication after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, with atherosclerosis of the ascending aorta as important risk factor. During surgical manipulation, detachment of plaques can lead to consecutive embolization into brain-supplying arteries. High-pitch computed tomography angiography (HP-CTA) represents a non-invasive imaging modality, which provides the opportunity for comprehensive imaging of the ascending aorta, including plaque detection and advanced characterization.

Treatment of Chylous Ascites with Peritoneovenous Shunt (Denver Shunt) following Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection in Patients with Urological Malignancies: Update of Efficacy and Predictors of Complications.

Purpose: We investigated the efficacy and analyzed the complication risk factors of peritoneovenous shunt in treating refractory chylous ascites following retroperitoneal lymph node dissection in patients with urological malignancies.

Materials And Methods: From April 2001 to March 2019 all patients with refractory chylous ascites after retroperitoneal lymph node dissection treated with peritoneovenous shunt were reviewed. Demographic characteristics, technical success, efficacy, patency period and complications were studied.

Sarcopenia in Neurological Patients: Standard Values for Temporal Muscle Thickness and Muscle Strength Evaluation.

Temporal muscle thickness (TMT) was investigated as a novel surrogate marker on MRI examinations of the brain, to detect patients who may be at risk for sarcopenia. TMT was analyzed in a retrospective, normal collective cohort ( = 624), to establish standard reference values. These reference values were correlated with grip strength measurements and body mass index (BMI) in 422 healthy volunteers and validated in a prospective cohort ( = 130) of patients with various neurological disorders.

Noninvasive Differentiation of Meningiomas and Dural Metastases Using Intratumoral Vascularity Obtained by Arterial Spin Labeling.

Purpose: Using conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, the imaging features of meningiomas and dural metastases overlap and a differentiation between these tumor entities therefore remains difficult, particularly in patients with a known primary neoplasm. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential role of normalized vascular intratumoral signal intensity values (nVITS) obtained from pulsed arterial spin labeling (PASL) to differentiate between meningiomas and dural metastases.

Methods: In this study PASL was performed in 46 patients with meningiomas (n = 30) and dural metastases (n = 16) on a 3T scanner, in addition to the routine diagnostic imaging protocol.

Stent-graft surface movement after endovascular aneurysm repair: baseline parameters for prediction, and association with migration and stent-graft-related endoleaks.

Objectives: To evaluate the influence of baseline parameters on the occurrence of stent-graft surface movement after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) and to investigate its association with migration and stent-graft-related endoleaks (srEL).

Methods: In this retrospective, cross-sectional study, three-dimensional surface models of the stent-graft, delimited by landmarks using custom-built software, were derived from the pre-discharge and last follow-up computed tomography angiography (CTA). Stent-graft surface movement in the proximal anchoring zone between these examinations was considered significant at a threshold of 9 mm.

The value of indocyanine green clearance assessment to predict postoperative liver dysfunction in patients undergoing liver resection.

Postoperative liver dysfunction remains a major concern following hepatic resection. In order to identify patients who are at risk of developing liver dysfunction, indocyanine green (ICG) clearance has been proposed to predict postoperative liver function. All patients who underwent liver resection at the Medical University Vienna, Austria between 2006 and 2015 with preoperative ICG clearance testing (PDR, R15) were analyzed in this study.

Application of Baseline Clinical and Morphological Parameters for Prediction of Late Stent Graft Related Endoleaks after Endovascular Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm.

Objectives: To evaluate the influence of baseline clinical and morphological parameters on the occurrence of a late stent graft related endoleak (srEL; types 1 and 3) after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR).

Methods: This is a retrospective case control study of patients who were routinely followed up after EVAR of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Pre-interventional, pre-discharge, and last available multislice computed tomography angiogram (MSCTA) of 279 patients were analysed.

Feasibility of ultrasound measurement in a human model of acute compartment syndrome.

Background: Early diagnosis of acute compartment syndrome (ACS) of the leg is essential to improve the outcome. Direct invasive measurement is currently recommended to measure intracompartmental pressure. A non-invasive and reproducible means of making the diagnosis would be a step forward.

High correlation of temporal muscle thickness with lumbar skeletal muscle cross-sectional area in patients with brain metastases.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the correlation of temporal muscle thickness (TMT), measured on routine cranial magnetic resonance (MR) images, with lumbar skeletal muscles obtained on computed tomography (CT) images in brain metastasis patients to establish a new parameter estimating skeletal muscle mass on brain MR images.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the cross-sectional area (CSA) of skeletal muscles at the level of the third lumbar vertebra on computed tomography scans and correlated these values with TMT on MR images of the brain in two independent cohorts of 93 lung cancer and 61 melanoma patients (overall: 154 patients) with brain metastases.

Results: Pearson correlation revealed a strong association between mean TMT and CSA in lung cancer and melanoma patients with brain metastases (0.

Temporal muscle thickness is an independent prognostic marker in melanoma patients with newly diagnosed brain metastases.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic relevance of temporal muscle thickness (TMT) in melanoma patients with newly diagnosed brain metastases.

Methods: TMT was retrospectively assessed in 146 melanoma patients with newly diagnosed brain metastases on cranial magnetic resonance images. Chart review was used to retrieve clinical parameters, including disease-specific graded prognostic assessment (DS-GPA) and survival times.

Post-hepatectomy liver failure after major hepatic surgery: not only size matters.

Objectives: To compare the value of functional future liver remnant (functFLR) to established clinical and imaging variables in prediction of post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) after major liver resection.

Methods: This retrospective, cross-sectional study included 62 patients, who underwent gadoxetic acid enhanced MRI and MDCT within 10 weeks prior to resection of ≥ 4 liver segments. Future liver remnant (FLR) was measured in MDCT using semi-automatic software.

Bone Marrow Involvement in Malignant Lymphoma: Evaluation of Quantitative PET and MRI Biomarkers.

Rationale And Objectives: This study aimed to determine the diagnostic utility of standardized uptake values (SUV) and apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) for assessment of focal and diffuse bone marrow involvement in patients with malignant lymphoma.

Materials And Methods: Sixty treatment-naive patients (28 males; mean age 51.2 ± 16.

Effects of Portal Hypertension on Gadoxetic Acid-Enhanced Liver Magnetic Resonance: Diagnostic and Prognostic Implications.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of portal hypertension (PH) on gadoxetic acid-enhanced liver magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and assess diagnostic and prognostic implications in comparison to established imaging features of PH.

Materials And Methods: Institutional review board-approved retrospective study of 178 patients (142 men; median age, 59.4 years) with chronic liver disease undergoing MRI and hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) measurement between January 2008 and April 2015.

Survival prediction using temporal muscle thickness measurements on cranial magnetic resonance images in patients with newly diagnosed brain metastases.

Objectives: To evaluate the prognostic relevance of temporal muscle thickness (TMT) in brain metastasis patients.

Methods: We retrospectively analysed TMT on magnetic resonance (MR) images at diagnosis of brain metastasis in two independent cohorts of 188 breast cancer (BC) and 247 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (overall: 435 patients).

Results: Survival analysis using a Cox regression model showed a reduced risk of death by 19% with every additional millimetre of baseline TMT in the BC cohort and by 24% in the NSCLC cohort.

Evaluation of [18F]-FDG-Based Hybrid Imaging Combinations for Assessment of Bone Marrow Involvement in Lymphoma at Initial Staging.

The purpose of our study was to determine the value of different hybrid imaging combinations for the detection of focal and diffuse bone marrow infiltration in lymphoma. Patients with histologically proven lymphoma, who underwent both [18F]-FDG-PET/CT and whole-body MRI (including T1- and diffusion-weighted [DWI] sequences) within seven days, and a subsequent bone marrow biopsy, were retrospectively included. Three hybrid imaging combinations were evaluated: (1) [18F]-FDG-PET/CT; (2) [18F]-FDG-PET/T1; and (3) [18F]-FDG-PET/DWI.

Correction: Type 2 Endoleaks: The Diagnostic Performance of Non-Specialized Readers on Arterial and Venous Phase Multi-Slice CT Angiography.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Type 2 Endoleaks: The Diagnostic Performance of Non-Specialized Readers on Arterial and Venous Phase Multi-Slice CT Angiography.

Purpose: To define the diagnostic precision of non-specialized readers in the detection of type 2 endoleaks (T2EL) in arterial versus venous phase acquisitions, and to evaluate an approach for radiation dose reduction.

Methods: The pre-discharge and final follow-up multi-slice CT angiographies of 167 patients were retrospectively analyzed. Image data were separated into an arterial and a venous phase reading set.

Fetal diffusion tensor quantification of brainstem pathology in Chiari II malformation.

Objectives: This prenatal MRI study evaluated the potential of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics to identify changes in the midbrain of fetuses with Chiari II malformations compared to fetuses with mild ventriculomegaly, hydrocephalus and normal CNS development.

Methods: Fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were calculated from a region of interest (ROI) in the midbrain of 46 fetuses with normal CNS, 15 with Chiari II malformations, eight with hydrocephalus and 12 with mild ventriculomegaly. Fetuses with different diagnoses were compared group-wise after age-matching.

The ribs unfolded - a CT visualization algorithm for fast detection of rib fractures: effect on sensitivity and specificity in trauma patients.

Objective: To assess a radiologist's detection rate of rib fractures in trauma CT when reading curved planar reformats (CPRs) of the ribs compared to reading standard MPRs.

Methods: Two hundred and twenty trauma CTs (146 males, 74 females) were retrospectively subjected to a software algorithm to generate CPRs of the ribs. Patients were split into two equal groups.