Long-Term Follow-Up of Macular Perfusion Evaluated by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography after Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Surgery.

Background: The goal of this study was to investigate macular microvascular changes using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) at one year after successful rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) surgery.

Methods: We performed a cross-section study including RRD treated by pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with or without scleral buckling and SF6 tamponade. After 12 months, DRI-Triton SS-OCTA was performed.

Modification of Corneal Biomechanics and Intraocular Pressure Following Non-Penetrating Deep Sclerectomy.

Changes in the cornea can influence outcomes in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). We aimed to evaluate the relevance of changes in corneal biomechanics and intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients undergoing non-penetrating deep sclerectomy (NPDS) with the Esnoper V2000 implant (AJL Ophthalmic S.A.

Assessment of the Effectiveness of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Treatment Using Optical Coherence Tomography to Evaluate Retinal Findings.

Retinal findings may change in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). The present study aims to evaluate several retinal findings, such as macula layer thickness, the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer, and the optic nerve head in patients with OSAS, using optical coherence tomography (OCT); it also aims to monitor the result of several types of treatment of OSAS with OCT. A prospective comparative study was designed.

Macular and choroidal thickness in Down syndrome by swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT).

Down syndrome (DS) is associated with certain structural and functional disorders in the whole visual system. The purpose was to compare retinal and choroidal thickness using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) in DS subjects with controls. This cross-sectional study included 100 eyes of 52 DS subjects and 78 eyes of 39 matching age and axial length controls.

Challenges in Diabetic Macular Edema Management: An Expert Consensus Report.

Purpose: This paper aimed to present daily-practice recommendations for the management of diabetic macular edema (DME) patients based on available scientific evidence and the clinical experience of the consensus panel.

Methods: A group of Spanish retina experts agreed to discuss different aspects related with the clinical management of DME patients.

Results: Panel was mainly focused on therapeutic objectives in DME management; definition terms; and role of biomarkers as prognostic and predictive factors to intravitreal treatment response.

Microperimetry-Assessed Functional Alterations and OCT-Changes in Patients after Retinal Detachment Surgery Using Pars Plana Vitrectomy and SF6 Tamponade.

Background: We study the retinal function measured by macular integrity assessment microperimetry (MAIA) and structural changes assessed by scanning swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) between healthy individuals and patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) after rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).

Methods: Cross-sectional study. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) grids were measured by SS-OCT and compared with the MAIA parameters.

The role of retinal fluid location in atrophy and fibrosis evolution of patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration long-term treated in real world.

Purpose: To assess the effect of clinical factors on the development and progression of atrophy and fibrosis in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) receiving long-term treatment in the real world.

Methods: An ambispective 36-month multicentre study, involving 359 nAMD patients from 17 Spanish hospitals treated according to the Spanish Vitreoretinal Society guidelines, was designed. The influence of demographic and clinical factors, including the presence and location of retinal fluid, on best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and progression to atrophy and/or fibrosis were analysed.

Clinical characteristics of full thickness macular holes that closed without surgery.

Purpose: To ascertain the anatomic factors that help achieve non-surgical sealing in full thickness macular hole (FTMH).

Methods: Retrospective collaborative study of FTMH that closed without surgical intervention.

Results: A total of 78 patients (mean age 57.

Macular and choroidal thickness in Down syndrome by swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT).

Down syndrome (DS) is associated with certain structural and functional disorders in the whole visual system. The purpose was to compare retinal and choroidal thickness using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) in DS subjects with controls. This cross-sectional study included 100 eyes of 52 DS subjects and 78 eyes of 39 matching age and axial length controls.

José Morón was the first to introduce the retinal light photocoagulation.

Regarding the early history of laser, it is generally accepted that the technique of retinal light photocoagulation was first pioneered by Gerd Meyer-Schwickerath in 1949. The renowned German ophthalmologist developed the technique to obtain clinically useful results and is worldwide considered the father of retinal photocoagulation. Nevertheless, we believe that the Spanish ophthalmologist José Morón (Seville, 1918-2000) was really the author of the first known experience of therapeutic photocoagulation of the retina, because he had previously used a similar technique in rabbit and human eyes in 1945 and 1946, respectively.

Clinical-Decision Criteria to Identify Recurrent Diabetic Macular Edema Patients Suitable for Fluocinolone Acetonide Implant Therapy (ILUVIEN) and Follow-Up Considerations/Recommendations.

Current management of diabetic macular edema (DME) predominantly involves treatment with short-acting intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factors (anti-VEGFs) and/or corticosteroids; however, short-acting therapies (lasting between 1 and 6 months) require frequent injections to maintain efficacy, meaning a considerable treatment burden for diabetic patients with multiple comorbidities. Continuous injections needed in some cases are an economic burden for patients/healthcare system, so real-life clinical practice tends to adopt a reactive approach, ie, watch and wait for worsening symptoms, which consequently increases the risk of undertreatment and edema recurrence. On March 7th 2019, a group of experts in retinal medicine and surgery held a roundtable meeting in Madrid, Spain to discuss how to (1) optimize clinical outcomes through earlier use of fluocinolone acetonide (FAc) implant (ILUVIEN) in patients with persistent or recurrent DME despite therapy; and, (2) to provide guidance to assist physicians in deciding which patients should be treated with ILUVIEN.

Corneal endothelial cell density during diabetes mellitus and ocular diabetes complications treatment.

Diabetes mellitus may affect the cornea at various levels. Ocular surface changes and dry eye had been studied. Researchers are concerned that medical treatment of diabetes or retinal complications may result in endothelial damage and cell loss.

Prepapillary vascular loop-a new classification.

Background/objectives: To analyze the ophthalmic characteristics of congenital prepapillary vascular loop (PVL) and to propose a new morphologic classification dividing the loops into six types.

Subjects/methods: Collaborative multinational multicentre retrospective study of PVL cases.

Results: There was a total of 49 cases (61 eyes), 37 unilateral (75.

Use of intravitreal dexamethasone implants in the treatment of diabetic macular edema: Expert recommendations using a Delphi approach.

Objective: The aim of this study is to develop guidance on the use of intravitreal dexamethasone implants in the treatment of diabetic macular edema.

Method: The study was performed using the modified Delphi method to obtain a consensus among a panel of experts on management of patients with diabetic macular edema and use of intravitreal dexamethasone implants in clinical practice. Thirty-seven panel members, experts on retina, from different Spanish centers were invited to participate.

An Update on Corneal Biomechanics and Architecture in Diabetes.

In the last decade, we have witnessed substantial progress in our understanding of corneal biomechanics and architecture. It is well known that diabetes is a systemic metabolic disease that causes chronic progressive damage in the main organs of the human body, including the eyeball. Although the main and most widely recognized ocular effect of diabetes is on the retina, the structure of the cornea (the outermost and transparent tissue of the eye) can also be affected by the poor glycemic control characterizing diabetes.

Diabetes and Phacoemulsification Cataract Surgery: Difficulties, Risks and Potential Complications.

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases worldwide. Diabetic patients are at risk of developing cataract and present for surgery at an earlier age than non-diabetics. The aim of this study was to review the problems associated with cataract surgery in a diabetic patient.

Did poor eyesight influence Goya's late works? Medicine and art history in search for an interpretation of Goya's late paintings.

Purpose: The aim of this article is to 'determine' the scope of Goya's eyesight difficulties and assess the extent to which those difficulties might explain his style of painting in the last years of his life.

Methods: We analyse the correspondence and late works of the Aragonese painter Francisco de Goya y Lucientes (1746-1828), who has been admired for his use of colour, his energetic loose brushstrokes, his disregard for details and his bold compositions, as well as for his different artistic styles throughout his life.

Results: The evolution of Goya's style of painting in his later works seems to have been the consequence of an eyesight condition, probably age-related cataracts at an advanced stage.

Visual field defects and retinal nerve fiber imaging in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and in healthy controls.

Background: To assess the retinal sensitivity in obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) patients evaluated with standard automated perimetry (SAP). And to correlate the functional SAP results with structural parameters obtained with optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Methods: This prospective, observational, case-control study consisted of 63 eyes of 63 OSAHS patients (mean age 51.

Optical Coherence Tomography in Patients with Chronic Migraine: Literature Review and Update.

Migraine is a chronic disease characterized by unilateral, pulsating, and often moderate-to-severe recurrent episodes of headache with nausea and vomiting. It affects approximately 15% of the general population, yet the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are not fully understood. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a safe and reproducible diagnostic technique that utilizes infrared wavelengths and has a sensitivity of 8-10 μm.

The Contribution of Optical Coherence Tomography in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders.

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) comprises a group of central nervous system disorders of inflammatory autoimmune origin that mainly affect the optic nerves and the spinal cord and can cause severe visual and general disability. The clinical signs are similar to those of multiple sclerosis (MS), with the result that it is often difficult to differentiate between the two, thus leading to misdiagnosis. As the treatment and prognosis of NMOSD and MS are different, it is important to make an accurate and early diagnosis of NMOSD.

Calculation of iris-claw IOL power for correction of late in-the-bag IOL complex dislocation.

Background: To assess the constants and formula for aphakia correction with iris-claw IOLs to achieve the best refractive status in cases of late in-the-bag IOL complex dislocation.

Methods: A literature search was performed. The following data were obtained: Iris-claw IOL model, Iridal or retroiridal enclavation, A-constant, ultrasound or optical biometry, formula employed and refractive outcomes.