Effects of dementia on functional decline in patients with non-small cell lung cancer at discharge from acute care hospitals: A retrospective cohort study.

Introduction: Hospital admissions often result in functional decline for patients with dementia, yet evidence on the impact of cancer treatments in this population during hospitalization is limited. We aimed to examine the association between dementia and functional decline after cancer treatment in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Materials And Methods: A total of 30,213 patients aged 65 years or older hospitalized for NSCLC treatment, from a dataset of 366 acute care hospitals in Japan, were eligible for this study.

The Distress and Benefits of the Bereaved Family Survey: A Mortality Follow-Back Survey.

Context: The Bereaved Family Survey is an important method for evaluating the quality of palliative care.

Objectives: To examine the distress and benefits of bereaved families of patients with or without cancer, who participated in a Bereaved Family Survey, and identify factors associated with distress and benefits.

Methods: We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional, self-reported questionnaire mail survey among the bereaved families of patients who died of cancer, heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, pneumonia, or kidney failure.

Suvorexant for Reduction of Delirium in Older Adults After Hospitalization: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Delirium is common among older hospitalized adults. In addition to presenting immediate management issues, delirium can increase the long-term risk of dementia, institutionalization, and mortality. Delirium is associated with disrupted sleep, and prior studies suggest that some specific sleep-promoting agents may reduce delirium.

Dying Patients' Quality of Care for Five Common Causes of Death: A Nationwide Mortality Follow-Back Survey.

The importance of high-quality care for terminal patients is being increasingly recognized; however, quality of care (QOC) and quality of death and dying (QOD) for noncancer patients remain unclear. To clarify QOC and QOD according to places and causes of death. A nationwide mortality follow-back survey was conducted using death certificate data for cancer, heart disease, stroke syndrome, pneumonia, and kidney failure in Japan.

Effectiveness of antipsychotics for managing agitated delirium in patients with advanced cancer: a secondary analysis of a multicenter prospective observational study in Japan (Phase-R).

Purpose: Delirium is a common and serious comorbidity in patients with advanced cancer, necessitating effective management. Nonetheless, effective drugs for managing agitated delirium in patients with advanced cancer remain unclear in real-world settings. Thus, the present study aimed to explore an effective pharmacotherapy for this condition.

Treatment Patterns and Postoperative Activities of Daily Living in Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Study Using Nationwide Health Services Utilization Data in Japan.

Background: The number of older patients with cancer has been increasing. This study aimed to determine the proportion of postoperative decline in activities of daily living (ADL), hospital mortality rate, home healthcare services use, and adjuvant chemotherapy treatment patterns of patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) across age groups.

Methods: We analyzed health service utilization data of patients aged ≥ 40 years diagnosed with clinical stage I or II NSCLC in 2015 who underwent thoracoscopy or thoracotomy.

Perioperative treatments for and postoperative activity of daily living of patients with early-stage breast cancer according to age group: A retrospective observational study.

Introduction: The number of older patients with breast cancer is increasing worldwide. However, no studies have clarified to what extent activities of daily living (ADL) decline in older patients after surgery. This study aimed to identify perioperative treatments and the proportion of patients with a postoperative decline in ADL among those with early-stage breast cancer, according to age groups (<65, 65-74, ≥75 years).

Place of death from dementia as an underlying cause during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: a cross-sectional study from national death certificates.

Background: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has challenged palliative end-of-life care for people with dementia. The site of death can be considered as an end-of-life care quality indicator. Most people with dementia prefer to die at nursing or private homes; however, in Japan, they are often hospitalized in psychiatric hospitals for management of neuropsychiatric symptoms.

A multi-centre, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of ramelteon for the prevention of postoperative delirium in elderly cancer patients: a study protocol for JORTC-PON2/J-SUPPORT2103/NCCH2103.

Postoperative delirium is an important issue in cancer patients, affecting surgical outcomes and the quality of life. Ramelteon is a melatonin receptor agonist with high affinity for MT1 and MT2 receptors. Clinical trials and observational studies in Japan, including in surgical cancer patients, have shown efficacy of ramelteon in delirium prevention, with no serious safety concerns.

Activities of daily living after surgery among older patients with gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary-pancreatic cancers: a retrospective observational study using nationwide health services utilisation data from Japan.

Objectives: The effectiveness and impact of any treatment on patients' physical functions, especially in older patients, should be closely considered. This study aimed to evaluate activities of daily living (ADLs) after oncological surgery in patients with gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary-pancreatic cancers by age groups in Japan.

Design: Retrospective observational study using health services utilisation data from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2016.

Depression and Anxiety in Older Adults with Dementia During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

This study examined the longitudinal association between dementia, activity participation, the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic period, and 1-year mental health changes. We obtained data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study in the United States. We included 4,548 older adult participants of two or more survey rounds between 2018 and 2021.

Optimization of smartphone psychotherapy for depression and anxiety among patients with cancer using the multiphase optimization strategy (MOST) framework and decentralized clinical trial system (SMartphone Intervention to LEssen depression/Anxiety and GAIN resilience: SMILE AGAIN project): a protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Cancer patients experience various forms of psychological distress. Their distress, mainly in the form of depression and anxiety, leads to poor quality of life, increased medical spending due to frequent visits, and decrease in treatment adherence. It is estimated that 30-50% among them would require support from mental health professionals: in reality, much less actually receive such support partly due to a shortage of qualified professionals and also due to psychological barriers in seeking such help.

Behavioral activation for depression in patients with advanced cancer: study protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial.

Background: Though behavioral activation (BA) has been shown to be effective for depression, evidence in patients with advanced cancer has not been established. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a BA program on depression in this population.

Methods: A randomized controlled trial with a wait-list control group (waiting group) of 38 patients with advanced cancer and depression will be conducted at three sites in Japan.

Association of physical restraint duration and undesirable outcomes amongst inpatients comorbid with dementia and pneumonia in acute care settings.

Aims And Objectives: This study aimed to examine the association between physical restraint duration and undesirable outcomes amongst inpatients comorbid with dementia and pneumonia in acute care hospitals.

Background: Physical restraints are frequently used in the management of patients, especially amongst patients with dementia. No previous study investigated the potential undesirable effects of physical restraints in patients with dementia.

Influence of dosing pattern of antipsychotics on treatment outcome of delirium in patients with advanced cancer.

Background: Clinical guidelines recommend antipsychotics for the treatment of delirium; however, there has been no confirmed recommendation regarding their administrating patterns. This study aims to investigate whether different dosing patterns of antipsychotics (single or multiple administrations) influence the outcomes of delirium treatment.

Methods: This is a secondary analysis of a prospective observational study involving patients with advanced cancer and delirium receiving antipsychotics.

Incremental medical cost of delirium in elderly patients with cognitive impairment: analysis of a nationwide administrative database in Japan.

Objectives: Delirium is a neuropsychiatric disorder that commonly occurs in elderly patients with cognitive impairment. The economic burden of delirium in Japan has not been well characterised. In this study, we assessed incremental medical costs of delirium in hospitalised elderly Japanese patients with cognitive impairment.

Efficacy of treatments for pain and numbness in cancer survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Pain and numbness in cancer survivors frequently have negative impacts on quality of life (QoL). This meta-analysis aimed to identify the current treatment options for pain and numbness in cancer survivors and to evaluate their effects.

Methods: Cancer survivors were defined as patients diagnosed with cancer who had completed active cancer treatment, whose conditions were stable, and who had no evidence of recurrent or progressive disease.

Psychological Distress among Caregivers for Patients Who Die of Cancer: A Preliminary Study in Japan.

Background: In Japan, little is known of the severity of and factors associated with psychological distress among caregivers of patients with advanced or recurrent cancer who die.

Methods: This prospective cohort study of cancer patients at the National Cancer Center Hospital East, Japan, and their caregivers followed the participants from the initial palliative care consultation (T1) to 6 months (T2) and 13 months (T3) after the patient's death. At T1, patients and caregivers were interviewed separately.