[Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia and IgM-monoclonal gammopathy following BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine in a patient with splenic marginal zone lymphoma].

There is currently no evidence that a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA vaccine might be associated with the development of autoimmune hemolytic anemia or disease progression in patients with mature B-cell neoplasm. Our patient was a 71-year-old man with indolent mature B-cell neoplasm who had been monitored for many years without treatment. After receiving the second dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, he developed severe warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia.

A Prospective Study of an HLA-Haploidentical Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation Regimen Based on Modification of the Dose of Posttransplant Cyclophosphamide for Poor Prognosis or Refractory Hematological Malignancies.

The optimal dose of posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) for use in patients undergoing HLA-haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation with posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy-haplo) has not been sufficiently examined. This study evaluates the safety and efficacy of HLA-haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation with a reduced dose of PTCy for patients with a poor prognosis or those with refractory hematological malignancies. We conducted a prospective clinical study of PTCy-haplo with peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) using a modified PTCy dosage regimen consisting of 50 mg/kg on day 3 posttransplantation and a reduced dose of 25 mg/kg on day 4.

Immunomodulatory and direct activities of ropeginterferon alfa-2b on cancer cells in mouse models of leukemia.

Although ropeginterferon alfa-2b has recently been clinically applied to myeloproliferative neoplasms with promising results, its antitumor mechanism has not been thoroughly investigated. Using a leukemia model developed in immunocompetent mice, we evaluated the direct cytotoxic effects and indirect effects induced by ropeginterferon alfa-2b in tumor cells. Ropeginterferon alfa-2b therapy significantly prolonged the survival of mice bearing leukemia cells and led to long-term remission in some mice.

Selective targeting of multiple myeloma cells with a monoclonal antibody recognizing the ubiquitous protein CD98 heavy chain.

Cancer-specific cell surface antigens are ideal therapeutic targets for monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based therapy. Here, we report that multiple myeloma (MM), an incurable hematological malignancy, can be specifically targeted by an mAb that recognizes a ubiquitously present protein, CD98 heavy chain (hc) (also known as SLC3A2). We screened more than 10,000 mAb clones raised against MM cells and identified R8H283, an mAb that bound MM cells but not normal hematopoietic or nonhematopoietic cells.

Predictive value of clinical examination parameters for cardiovascular adverse events during treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia with tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

Treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) requires management of long-term use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Although cardiovascular adverse events (CAEs) caused by off-target effects of TKIs can be life-threatening, the optimal method of monitoring for CAEs has not been established. Here, we comprehensively evaluated the clinical utility of various cardiovascular parameters, including ankle-brachial blood pressure index (ABI), cardiac ankle vascular index (CAVI), and carotid ultrasonography and electrocardiogram measurements, for monitoring and predicting CAEs in 74 patients with CML receiving TKIs.

Two novel high-risk adult B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia subtypes with high expression of CDX2 and IDH1/2 mutations.

The genetic basis of leukemogenesis in adults with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is largely unclear, and its clinical outcome remains unsatisfactory. This study aimed to advance the understanding of biological characteristics, improve disease stratification, and identify molecular targets of adult B-ALL. Adolescents and young adults (AYA) (15 to 39 years old, n = 193) and adults (40 to 64 years old, n = 161) with Philadelphia chromosome-negative (Ph-) B-ALL were included in this study.

Effect of Donor NKG2D Polymorphism on Relapse after Haploidentical Transplantation with Post-Transplantation Cyclophosphamide.

NKG2D-mediated cytotoxicity is regulated by the single nucleotide polymorphism rs1049174, and its antitumor effect has been observed in various clinical settings. There are no previously published data on the influence of donor rs1049174 polymorphism on HLA-haploidentical allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation using post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy-haplo). We aimed to investigate the effect of donor NKG2D gene polymorphism on PTCy-haplo recipients.

A phase II study of post-transplant cyclophosphamide combined with tacrolimus for GVHD prophylaxis after HLA-matched related/unrelated allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

A combination of three post-transplant drugs, cyclophosphamide (PTCy), a calcineurin inhibitor, and mycophenolate mofetil, has long been used for prophylaxis of graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) after HLA-haploidentical allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). Recently, this combination has been used following HLA-matched allo-HCT as well, but the optimal combination of drugs for GVHD prophylaxis in an HLA-matched setting remains unclear. This prospective phase II study evaluated the safety and efficacy of PTCy plus tacrolimus (TAC) for GVHD prophylaxis after allo-HCT from HLA-matched related donors (MRD) or HLA-matched unrelated donors (MUD).

Increasing numbers of CD19 + CD24CD38 regulatory B cells and pre-germinal center B cells reflect activated autoimmunity and predict future treatment response in patients with untreated immune thrombocytopenia.

The pathophysiology of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is poorly understood, particularly aspects regarding abnormal homeostasis and dysregulation of B cells. In this study, we analyzed peripheral lymphocyte subsets in patients with untreated ITP and healthy controls, and examined correlations between cell percentages/counts and titers of serum cytokines and antibodies. We also compared ITP patients who later required second-line therapies and those who did not.

Kinetics of IgG subclasses and their effects on the incidence of infection after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Background: The impact of the reconstitution of IgG subclasses after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) on the outcomes is unclear.

Methods: We investigated the effects of stem cell source on the levels of serum IgG subclasses and their influence on the infection risk and prognosis. The levels of serum IgG, IgG2 and IgG4 were measured chronologically in 100 patients who underwent allo-HCT at our institute.

Risk Factor and Long-Term Outcome Analyses for Acute Limbic Encephalitis and Calcineurin Inhibitor-Induced Encephalopathy in Adults following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation.

Post-transplantation acute limbic encephalitis (PALE) is a rare, severe inflammatory disorder in the bilateral limbic system, including the hippocampus. To date, only a few studies have reported details, including risk factors for PALE; however, further clinical evidence of PALE, especially in cerebrospinal fluid human herpesvirus 6-negative cases, is warranted. In addition, data are sparse regarding the risk factors for calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)-induced encephalopathy (CNIE) following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) in adults.