Population pharmacokinetics of tenofovir, emtricitabine and intracellular metabolites in transgender women.

Aims: Transgender women (TGW) have been underrepresented in trials and use gender-affirming hormonal therapies (GAHT) that may alter renal function by significantly increasing creatinine clearance. Population pharmacokinetic (popPK) models and simulations would aid in understanding potential differences in emtricitabine/tenofovir disproxil fumarate (F/TDF) parent-metabolite concentrations in TGW on GAHT when compared to cisgender men (CGM) not exposed to GAHT.

Methods: Pharmacokinetic (PK) data from a Phase 1, open-label clinical trial with directly observed therapy of daily F/TDF consisting of 8 TGW and 8 CGM was utilized for model building.

Development of In Situ Self-Assembly Nanoparticles to Encapsulate Lopinavir and Ritonavir for Long-Acting Subcutaneous Injection.

Most antiretroviral medications for human immunodeficiency virus treatment and prevention require high levels of patient adherence, such that medications need to be administered daily without missing doses. Here, a long-acting subcutaneous injection of lopinavir (LPV) in combination with ritonavir (RTV) using in situ self-assembly nanoparticles (ISNPs) was developed to potentially overcome adherence barriers. The ISNP approach can improve the pharmacokinetic profiles of the drugs.

Curcumin Nanoparticles and Their Cytotoxicity in Docetaxel-Resistant Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cells.

Most prostate cancer patients develop resistance to anti-androgen therapy. This is referred to as castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Docetaxel (DTX) is the mainstay treatment against CRPC.

In vitro and in vivo nonlinear optical imaging of silicon nanowires.

Understanding of cellular interactions with a nanostructure requires tracking directly the nanostructure. Current investigation is challenged by the lack of a strong, intrinsic signal from the nanostructure. We demonstrate intensive four-wave mixing and third-harmonic generation signals from dimension-controllable silicon nanowires as small as 5 nm in diameter.