Development of an ultra-sensitive enzyme immunoassay for human insulin autoantibodies.

Objectives: We developed an ultrasensitive enzyme immunoassay (ICT-EIA) for insulin autoantibody (IAA) measurements to better understand the pathophysiology of diabetes.

Design And Methods: We developed ICT-EIA for IAA and measured IAA in 24 patients with type 1 diabetes, 30 patients with type 2 diabetes, 30 patients with methimazole-treated Graves' disease, 20 patients with Hashimoto's disease, 9 patients with hyperinsulinemia, and 73 healthy control subjects.

Results: The conventional ELISA identified 3 patients with type 1 diabetes and 2 patients with type 2 diabetes as IAA positive, whereas 15 patients with type 1 diabetes, 7 patients with type 2 diabetes, and 4 patients with methimazole-treated Graves' disease were identified as IAA positive using ICT-EIA.

A novel ultra-sensitive enzyme immunoassay for soluble human insulin receptor ectodomain and its measurement in urine from healthy subjects and patients with diabetes mellitus.

Objective: For the early identification of patients at risk of developing diabetes mellitus, and to prevent the onset of diabetes by performing dietary counseling and exercise guidance, we have developed an ultra-sensitive immune complex transfer enzyme immunoassay (ICT-EIA) to measure soluble human insulin receptor ectodomain (sIRalpha) in urine which is collected non-invasively.

Design And Methods: We developed ICT-EIA for sIRalpha and measured urinary sIRalpha from 106 healthy volunteers, 35 obese volunteers and 42 patients with diabetes.

Results: The detection limit of ICT-EIA (0.

Reduced carnitine level causes death from hypoglycemia: possible involvement of suppression of hypothalamic orexin expression during weaning period.

The mechanism of onset of hypoglycemia in patients with carnitine deficiency has yet to be determined. Using mice with systemic carnitine deficiency (JVS mice), we examined this mechanism, focusing on the weaning period (days 14-28 postpartum). For normal mice, the survival rate was 100%, and no hypoglycemia was observed at all.