Antibacterial activity of povidone-iodine against an artificial biofilm of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum.

Objective: To investigate the antibacterial activity of povidone-iodine (PVP-I) on an artificial dual species biofilm of periodontal pathogens.

Design: Porphyromonas gingivalis or Fusobacterium nucleatum grown in broth culture was inoculated on polycarbonate membrane (PCM) tissue culture inserts. After incubation for 72 h, PVP-I solutions were applied to the biofilm for the time period ranging from 0.

Nicotine involved in periodontal disease through influence on cytokine levels.

Periodontal disease, for which smoking is a known risk factor, is infectious, and is associated with oral biofilm. Cytokines mediate and regulate immune and inflammatory responses. Lipopolysaccharide produced by periodontopathic bacteria plays a role in the progression of periodontitis.