Noncontact of the unilateral hallux with the ground reduces forward limits of stability while standing.

[Purpose] Although hallux function is fundamental in maintaining forward leaning standing posture, the insight into whether noncontact of the hallux with the ground alters the forward limit of stability (LoS) remains unclear. Thus, we aimed to determine the effects of the unilateral hallux noncontact on the forward LoS while standing. [Participants and Methods] This study included 17 healthy young and 17 community-dwelling older adults.

Bcl‑xL‑specific BH3 mimetic A‑1331852 suppresses proliferation of fluorouracil‑resistant colorectal cancer cells by inducing apoptosis.

BH3 mimetics are small‑molecule inhibitors of the antiapoptotic Bcl‑2 family and have therapeutic efficacy against hematological malignancies. BH3 mimetic A‑1331852 suppresses colorectal cancer cell proliferation. Progressive resistance to the widely used anticancer agent fluorouracil (5‑FU) is a key reason for colorectal cancer recurrence; therefore, the present study tested if A‑1331852 can suppress the proliferation of 5‑FU‑resistant colorectal cancer cells.

A novel technique for the construction of an end ileostomy to prevent stoma outlet obstruction after rectal resection and total colectomy: a single-center retrospective study.

Purpose: Stoma outlet obstruction (SOO) is an early postoperative complication of rectal cancer. We devised a novel surgical technique: end-ileostomy, to reduce SOO. Here, we describe the surgical technique used for constructing an end ileostomy and assess its impact on SOO.

Relative age effect on the physical activity and sedentary behavior in children and adolescents aged 10 to 18 years old: a cross-sectional study in Japan.

Background: Few studies have shown that relatively younger children and adolescents (those born later in the same school year) were less likely to engage in physical activity in a phenomenon termed the relative age effect. Although these studies mainly targeted elementary and middle school students, no study has reported on the relative age effect on physical activity in ordinary high school students. Moreover, the relative age effect on sedentary behavior might show an opposite association with physical activity.

Association Between Dominant-Shoulder Internal-Rotation Restriction and Low-Back Pain in Elite Male High School Soft Tennis Players.

Background: The incidence of low-back pain (LBP)is high among elite male high school soft tennis players. A previous report showed that hip internal-rotation (IR) restriction in the non-dominant leg could increase the risk of LBP. Moreover, IR in the dominant shoulder is important for serve and stroke movements, suggesting that IR restriction in the dominant shoulder can contribute to LBP.

Robotic extraperitoneal stoma closure with left hemicolectomy for descending colon cancer following abdominoperineal resection: A case report.

Extraperitoneal colostomy is often selected to reduce the risk of parastomal hernia. However, its closure surgery is rare and seldom reported. Here, we report our unique experience with robotic left hemicolectomy and extraperitoneal colostomy closure.

Reliability and validity of a method to measure trunk rotation angle from images using a camera and posture mirror.

This study aimed to measure trunk rotation angle representations from images using a single camera combined with a posture mirror and to examine its reliability and validity. We applied a trunk rotation angle model using a tripod and markers simulating trunk rotation. We compared two methods of trunk rotation angle measurement: the conventional method from the superior aspect using a manual goniometer and a novel measurement method using images from a digital camera and a posture mirror.

Effects of Post-Hospital Arrival Factors on Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Outcomes During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Importance: The relationship between post-hospital arrival factors and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) outcomes remains unclear.

Objectives: This study assessed the impact of post-hospital arrival factors on OHCA outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic using a prediction model.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this cohort study, data from the All-Japan Utstein Registry, a nationwide population-based database, between 2015 and 2021 were used.

Fingertip light touch contact increases anteroposterior limits of stability in healthy young and older adults.

Background: The limit of stability (LoS), an index of stance balance ability, is reduced in older adults. Although contacting an earth-fixed external surface through fingertips' light touch improves older adults' stance balance control, its effects on the LoS in this population are unclear.

Research Question: Does light touch increase the LoS and reduce postural sway in the LoS?

Methods: This study included 20 young adults (11 women and 9 men, mean age = 20.

Can magnetic resonance imaging distinguish clinical stages of frozen shoulder? A state-of-the-art review.

Background: Frozen shoulder (FS) is a common disorder causing shoulder pain and limited motion. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is expected to help diagnose FS and realize the disease stage if stage-specific features are present. We aimed to survey stage-related MRI findings of FS in the literature.

Atrial thrombus after total anomalous pulmonary venous connection repair.

A 6-year-old boy had previously undergone total anomalous pulmonary venous connection repair and postoperative pulmonary vein stenosis release. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed blood stasis caused by a collision between the inflow from the pulmonary veins and the outflow from the left atrial appendage. A surgical specimen revealed evidence of advanced thrombus attachment.

Abnormal Temporal Window of Integration in Auditory Sensory Memory in Schizophrenia.

Mismatch negativity (MMN) is automatically elicited by incoming sound deviation compared to the neural representation of preceding homogenous sounds stored in the brain's auditory sensory memory. This study aimed to assess time-functional deviation sensitivity in auditory sensory memory associated with a temporal window of integration (TWI) of 160-170 msec in patients with schizophrenia. To this end, we measured the magnetic counterpart of the MMN (MMNm) in 20 patients with schizophrenia on medication and 20 healthy age-matched adults as a control group responding to an omitted tone segment incorporated into a complex sound of 176 ms duration corresponding to the TWI duration.

How Does Standing Anteroposterior Stability Limits Correlate to Foot/ankle Functions in Bilateral Spastic Cerebral Palsy?

Purpose: To determine whether foot and ankle functions are correlated with the limits of stability (LoS) while standing in individuals with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy (BSCP).

Methods: Eighteen people who could walk and with BSCP and 18 people without disability participated. Anteroposterior LoS was measured using a force platform.

Cushing's disease with twin pregnancy and diabetes mellitus: a case report and literature review.

A 38-year-old Japanese woman with a history of abnormal thyroid function of non-autoimmune origin, pituitary endocrine tumor, and untreated diabetes mellitus was referred to our outpatient clinic when she became pregnant with twins. Physical findings consistent with Cushing's syndrome (CS) were absent at the time of presentation. Although baseline plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone, serum cortisol, and 24-hour urinary free cortisol excretion levels were above the upper limits of normal non-pregnant reference ranges, we could not exclude a physiological increase associated with pregnancy.

A novel preparation for histological analyses of intraventricular macrophages in the embryonic brain.

Microglia colonize the brain starting on embryonic day (E) 9.5 in mice, and their population increases with development. We have previously demonstrated that some microglia are derived from intraventricular macrophages, which frequently infiltrate the pallium at E12.

Short-term outcomes of robotic tumor-specific mesorectal resection of rectal cancer: surgical techniques in mesorectal division using rolling division of the mesorectum.

Background: This study aims to report our surgical techniques for robot-assisted laparoscopic anterior resection, specifically focusing on mesorectal division using rolling division of the mesorectum, and to elucidate short-term outcomes at a single institution. Tumor-specific mesorectal excision (TSME) is commonly performed for resection of a tumor located in the upper rectum. However, especially in a narrow pelvis, it is difficult to perform appropriate mesorectal division at an adequate distance from the tumor in robot-assisted laparoscopic anterior resection.

Intrapartum prophylactic efficacy of ampicillin versus clindamycin in preventing vertical transmission of group B Streptococcus.

Aim: To compare the prophylactic efficacy of ampicillin and clindamycin against vertical transmission of group B Streptococcus from mothers to their infants by evaluating the rates of group B Streptococcus colonisation.

Methods: We retrospectively extracted data for mothers who delivered at Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital between 1 October 2017 and 31 March 2021 and tested positive for antepartum group B Streptococcus, and their infants. The chi-square test was used to compare the rates of group B Streptococcus colonisation, sepsis, and meningitis.

Chemical and Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Peptide and Protein Therapeutics Conjugated with Human N-Glycans.

Glycosylation is one of the most ubiquitous post-translational modifications. It affects the structure and function of peptides/proteins and consequently has a significant impact on various biological events. However, the structural complexity and heterogeneity of glycopeptides/proteins caused by the diversity of glycan structures and glycosylation sites complicates the detailed elucidation of glycan function and hampers their clinical applications.

Contribution of static and dynamic balance skills to activities of daily living in children with intellectual disabilities.

Background: Static and dynamic balance skills can be related to the activities of daily living (ADL) in children with non-syndromic intellectual disabilities, and the type of balance skills affecting ADL can differ depending on the domain of ADL (self-care, mobility, and social function).

Methods: The ADL capabilities of 66 children with intellectual disabilities were assessed using the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) and were examined in relation to static and dynamic balance skills.

Results: Significant positive correlations were found between the one-leg standing and PEDI (r = .

Quiet standing and anteroposterior limits of stability in adolescents and young adults with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy.

Stance stability in individuals with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy (BSCP) in various standing postures including the quiet standing (QS) and limits of stability (LoS) has been widely studied. However, the relationships between the QS and LoS remain unclear. This study aimed to determine the relationships between the positions and postural sway in the QS and anteroposterior LoS in individuals with BSCP.

Single base substitution signatures 17a, 17b, and 40 are induced by γ-ray irradiation in association with increased reactive oxidative species.

γ-Ray irradiation induces DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) and increases the risk of cancerization. Irradiated cells usually repair DSBs directly, but accumulate replication stress-associated DSBs, increasing the risk of structural variants (SVs). Although single nucleotide variants (SNVs) are also induced, it is still unclear which SNVs are induced by γ-ray irradiation.

Effect of controlled start position on the reach distance distribution range in the functional reach test among community-dwelling older adults.

[Purpose] This study investigated the effect of controlled start position (CSP) on the reach distance distribution range (RDDR) in the functional reach test (FRT) in community-dwelling older adults. [Participants and Methods] The participants were 34 community-dwelling older adults. We compared the RDDR in CSP and non-CSP and analyzed the relationship between the mean reach distance (MRD) and the length of movement of the center of pressure (LMCOP).