Efficient purification of aqueous solutions contaminated with sulfadiazine by coupling electro-Fenton/ultrasound process: optimization, DFT calculation, and innovative study of human health risk assessment.

In the current work, the hybrid process potential of ultrasound (US) and electro-Fenton (EF), named sono-electro-Fenton (SEF), was fully investigated for sulfadiazine (SDZ) degradation. The decontamination in the integration approach was revealed to be greater than in individual procedures, i.e.

Ultrasound-assisted dehydrogenation of 5-acetyl-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones.

In this study, various 5-acetyl-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones were synthesized and the dehydrogenation of these compounds by potassium peroxydisulfate in aqueous acetonitrile under thermal and sono-thermal conditions were investigated. Whereas the effect of the nature of 4-substituent influences the rate of reaction, the application of sonic waves decreases drastically the time of thermal reaction.

Sono-thermal oxidation of dihydropyrimidinones.

Combination of ultrasound and heat has been used for the oxidation of some ethyl 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one-5-carboxylates to their corresponding ethyl pyrimidin-2(1H)-one-5-carboxylates by using potassium peroxydisulfate in aqueous acetonitrile. An ultrasonic probe of 24 kHz frequency has been used for this study. Whereas the use of ultrasound increases the rate of reactions compared with reactions at reflux conditions, the nature of 4-substituent on the dihydropyrimidinone ring affects also the rate of reaction.