Endoscopic mucosal resection and open-lid submucosal biopsy for the diagnosis of diffuse infiltrative gastric cancer: a retrospective observational study.

Background And Study Aims: Diffuse infiltrative gastric cancer can be difficult to diagnose owing to a lack of endoscopic features in the superficial mucosa. Moreover, a forceps biopsy may not reveal a pathological diagnosis. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic yield and safety of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and 'open-lid submucosal biopsy', a technique wherein EMR followed by biopsy of the ulcer floor is performed for a pathological diagnosis.

Formation of a low-mass galaxy from star clusters in a 600-million-year-old Universe.

The most distant galaxies detected were seen when the Universe was a scant 5% of its current age. At these times, progenitors of galaxies such as the Milky Way were about 10,000 times less massive. Using the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) combined with magnification from gravitational lensing, these low-mass galaxies can not only be detected but also be studied in detail.

Developing competencies relating to information science and technology in Japanese undergraduate medical education.

In response to the growing expectation and recognized potential for integrating information and communication technology (ICT) into medicine, the Model Core Curriculum for Medical Education in Japan incorporated 'the ability to use information science and technology' as a new competency in its 2022 revision. This study aimed to identify specific learning objectives that medical students should achieve to acquire this competency. The research team developed an initial list of 107 learning objectives through a literature survey.

Implementing digital transformation in the revision process for Japan's Model Core Curriculum: A qualitative document analysis.

Purpose: Digital transformation (DT) is significantly impacting medical education. Despite advancements such as virtual reality and remote education, the influence of DT on the development of curricula and guidelines has not been thoroughly explored. This study aims to explore the enabling factors and impacts of DT on the revision process for Japan's Model Core Curriculum (MCC) in 2022.

Compatibility of dry incubator on in vitro production of bovine embryos.

Embryo culture is crucial to achieve successful outcomes in in vitro production-embryo transfer for cattle. This study explored the innovative use of dry incubators for bovine embryo culture, building on their advantages in human medicine, such as reduced contamination risk, stable temperature control, and lower gas consumption. In this study, we examined changes in osmotic pressure, the in vitro developmental potential of IVP embryos including the cleavage rate, blastocyst development rate, blastocyst diameter, and blastocyst cell number, morphokinetics, and the transcriptional profile of the blastocysts between humidified and dry incubators.

Comparative Validation of Scintillator Materials for X-Ray-Mediated Neuronal Control in the Deep Brain.

When exposed to X-rays, scintillators emit visible luminescence. X-ray-mediated optogenetics employs scintillators for remotely activating light-sensitive proteins in biological tissue through X-ray irradiation. This approach offers advantages over traditional optogenetics, allowing for deeper tissue penetration and wireless control.

Salvage treatment for local recurrence after endoscopic resection for superficial nonampullary duodenal epithelial tumors.

Background And Aims: Local recurrence is a significant concern in endoscopic resection of superficial nonampullary duodenal tumors (SNADTs). Our objective was to elucidate the clinical outcomes of salvage endoscopic treatment.

Methods: This retrospective study included consecutive patients who underwent endoscopic resection of SNADTs between January 2013 and December 2021.

Legionella community dynamics in a drinking water distribution system: Impact of residual chlorine depletion.

This study investigated the occurrence of Legionella spp. in a chlorinated drinking water distribution system (DWDS), focusing on their community compositions and association with physicochemical water quality. Water samples were collected throughout the DWDS, covering from the treated water reservoir to distal ends.

Two-year cumulative live-birth rates and maximum number of transfer cycles in women aged ≥ 40 years.

This retrospective study aimed to clarify the cumulative live-birth rates (CLBRs) and cost per live-birth (LB) to evaluate the validity of frozen-thawed embryo transfer without preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) in women aged ≥ 40 years. The study included 1,011 patients aged ≥ 40 years who underwent their first oocyte retrieval at our hospital between January 2010 and September 2017. They were followed up for up to two years or until either treatment discontinuation or a pregnancy that resulted in a live birth.

Use of federated learning to develop an artificial intelligence model predicting usable blastocyst formation from pre-ICSI oocyte images.

Research Question: Can federated learning be used to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) model for evaluating oocyte competence using two-dimensional images of denuded oocytes in metaphase II prior to intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)?

Results: The oocyte AI model demonstrated area under the curve (AUC) up to 0.65 on two blind test datasets. High sensitivity for predicting competent oocytes (83-88%) was offset by lower specificity (26-36%).

Evaluation of the performance of a machine learning based atrial fibrillation screening algorithm using an oscillometric blood pressure monitor.

Blood pressure monitors (BPMs) with atrial fibrillation (AFib) detection function can be used to detect AFib early. However, conventional algorithms require multiple BP measurements. Here, the feasibility of a machine-learning-based approach for AFib detection through single BP measurement was evaluated.

Effect of acute kidney injury and overall survival in patients with postoperative head and neck cancer who received chemoradiotherapy with cisplatin: A supplementary analysis of the phase II/III trial of JCOG1008.

Background: In a randomized phase II/III trial (JCOG1008), weekly cisplatin (40 mg/m) was non-inferior to 3-weekly cisplatin (100 mg/m) for postoperative high-risk head and neck cancer. We investigated how acute kidney injury (AKI), a major dose-limiting toxicity effect of cisplatin, affects overall survival (OS).

Methods: We analyzed 251 patients from JCOG1008 receiving chemoradiotherapy.

Laparoscopic Right Hemicolectomy With Gastrocolic Trunk Resection for Advanced Transverse Colon Cancer.

Locally advanced right-sided colon cancer sometimes requires advanced procedures in addition to normal complete mesocolic excision. We describe laparoscopic right hemicolectomy with gastrocolic trunk (GCT) resection. A 48-year-old woman was diagnosed with right transverse colon cancer and severe lymph node metastasis.

Preoperative assessment of hyperactive delirium risk after head and neck surgery with free tissue transfer reconstruction.

Objective: Hyperactive delirium with agitation following head and neck surgeries with free tissue transfer reconstruction (HNS-FTTR) represents a critical and potentially life-threatening postoperative complication. Although preoperative risk assessment is important, no established risk screening tool has been developed to accurately predict its occurrence.

Methods: In this retrospective observational study, we examined 192 consecutive patients who underwent HNS-FTTR between August 2019 and January 2024.

The intersection of systems thinking and structural empowerment in the work of public health dietitians.

Background: Public health dietitians navigate complex professional landscapes amid dwindling resources, organisational disruptions and limited advancement opportunities. Cultivating systems thinking and structural empowerment competencies may enable this workforce to address multifaceted public health challenges more effectively. This study explored the extent to which public health dietitians apply systems thinking and perceive access to structural empowerment and the relationship between these constructs.

Development of an AI-based support system for controlled ovarian stimulation.

Purpose: Controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) is vital for IVF. We have developed an AI system to support the implementation of COS protocols in our clinical group.

Methods: We developed two models as AI algorithms of the AI system.

Neck dissection for treatment of supraglottic carcinoma associated with deep-seated intermuscular lipoma in the neck: A case report.

Lipomas are superficial tumors that occur primarily in the subcutaneous region and very rarely occur deeply within or between the muscle layers. No reports to date have described cervical lipomas in patients with head and neck cancer who underwent neck dissection. We herein report a case involving a 72-year-old woman with supraglottic carcinoma complicated by a cervical lipoma who underwent simultaneous neck dissection and lipoma removal.

A qualitative study of stressors faced by older stroke patients in a convalescent rehabilitation hospital.

This study aimed to explore the stressors experienced by older patients with stroke in convalescent rehabilitation wards in Japan. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with four stroke patients aged > 65 years who experienced a stroke for the first time in their lives. The interviews were analyzed using the Steps for Coding and Theorization method for qualitative data analysis.

Enhancing Adaptability: Exploring Structural Empowerment and Systems Thinking Among State Governmental Public Health Nutritionists.

This study explored how structural empowerment and systems thinking enabled public health nutritionists to adapt to complex environments. Interviews with 14 dietitian-prepared nutritionists from state governmental public health agencies elucidated 3 key themes: leveraging relationships was essential to exercising structural empowerment and systems thinking; accessing resources and support were priorities in supporting public health nutrition initiatives; and addressing gaps in formal training, specific to systems thinking, enabled adaptability to work in public health settings. The findings highlight the need for broader examinations into strengthening access to organizational power structures; integrating systems thinking into public health operations; and sustaining professional development for the public health workforce, especially with limited resources.