Structural engineering of flagellin as vaccine adjuvant: quest for the minimal domain of flagellin for TLR5 activation.

Flagellin stimulates Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5), triggering both innate and adaptive immune responses, making it a potential vaccine adjuvant. On mucosal surfaces, flagellin induces a strong release of cytokines, chemokines, and immunoglobulins. When used in its free monomeric form, flagellin has been shown to enhance immune responses when combined with vaccine antigens.

Advancing PEDV Vaccination: Comparison between Inactivated and Flagellin N-Terminus-Adjuvanted Subunit Vaccines.

Vaccinations can serve as an important preventive measure against the porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) virus that currently threatens the swine industry. This study focuses on the development of a fusion protein vaccine, FliC-COE, which combines the N-terminus of flagellin (FliC) with a modified core neutralizing epitope (COE) of PEDV. In silico immunoinformatic analysis confirmed the construct's non-toxic, non-allergenic, and highly antigenic nature.

Recent Global Trends in Vaccinology, Advances and Challenges.

Vaccination/immunization plays a key role in maintaining the optimum health of humans and animals where the prevalence of disease is high and treatment becomes less effective [...

Flagellin Improves the Immune Response of an Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) Subunit Vaccine.

Flagellin activates the immune system through Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) and can work as an adjuvant for subunit vaccines. In this study, we tested the adjuvancy of two different N-terminal fragments of flagellin, (1) FliC, residues 1-99, and (2) FliC, residues 1-176, to incorporate larger areas of the hotspot region for potentially higher levels of TLR5 activation and immune response. A truncated version of the VP2 protein (name VP2, residues 199-356) of the Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) was genetically linked to the flagellin constructs, and the immune response was evaluated in chickens.