CRP in Outpatients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Is Linked to the Blood Microbiota.

The circulation is a closed system that has been assumed to be free from bacteria, but evidence for the existence of a low-density blood microbiota is accumulating. The present study aimed to map the blood microbiota of outpatients with Crohn's disease (CD) or with ulcerative colitis (UC) by 16S metagenomics. A diverse microbiota was observed in the blood samples.

Seed inoculation with antagonistic bacteria limits occurrence of E. coli O157:H7gfp + on baby spinach leaves.

Backround: During the last decades, outbreaks of foodborne illnesses have increasingly been linked to fresh and/or minimally processed fruit and vegetables. Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli was the causal agent for major outbreaks in Europe with leafy green vegetables and sprouts. To improve food safety, microbial antagonism has received attention during recent years and could be one of the solution to prevent contamination of food borne pathogens on fresh produce.

Comparative immunomodulatory effects in mice and in human dendritic cells of five bacterial strains selected for biocontrol of leafy green vegetables.

The market for ready-to eat vegetables is increasing, but unfortunately so do the numbers of food-borne illness outbreaks related to these products. A previous study has identified bacterial strains suitable for biocontrol of leafy green vegetables to reduce the exposure to pathogens in these products. As a tentative safety evaluation, five selected strains (Rhodococcus cerastii MR5x, Bacillus coagulans LMG P-32205, Bacillus coagulans LMG P-32206, Pseudomonas cedrina LMG P-32207 and Pseudomonas punonensis LMG P-32204) were individually compared for immunomodulating effects in mice and in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs).

Effects on Microbiota Composition after Consumption of Quinoa Beverage Fermented by a Novel Xylose-Metabolizing Strain.

Demands for novel lactic acid bacteria with potential to be used as probiotics along with healthy fermented plant-based products increase worldwide. In this study, a novel P31891 strain with enzymatic capacity to degrade tannins and ferment xylose was used as starter culture for fermentation of a quinoa-based beverage. The probiotic potential of the selected strain was evaluated in healthy volunteers.

Effects of Probiotic Bacteria on the Gut Microbiota in Children With Celiac Disease Autoimmunity: A Placebo-Controlled and Randomized Clinical Trial.

Disturbances of the gut microbiota may influence the development of various autoimmune diseases. This study investigated the effects of supplementations with the probiotic bacteria, HEAL9 and 8700:2, on the microbial community in children with celiac disease autoimmunity (CDA). The study included 78 genetically predisposed children for celiac disease with elevated levels of tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies (tTGA) signaling for ongoing CDA.

Debottlenecking a Pulp Mill by Producing Biofuels from Black Liquor in Three Steps.

By extracting lignin, pulp production can be increased without heavy investments in a new recovery boiler, the typical bottleneck of a pulp mill. The extraction is performed by using 0.20 and 0.

Immune response and gut microbiota of mice on a diet mimicking eating habits of elderly with risk of malnutrition development.

The number of elderlies is increasing but prevalence of malnutrition has been reported. The aim of the study was to determine the significance of short-term nutritional deficiencies in mice. Immune status was assessed through flow cytometry of leucocytes in Peyer's patches (PP) and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), and intestinal microbiota was evaluated by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP).

Processed meat products with added plant antioxidants affect the microbiota and immune response in C57BL/6JRj mice with cyclically induced chronic inflammation.

Epidemiological studies have found that there is a correlation between red and processed meat consumption and an increased risk of colorectal cancer. There are numerous existing hypotheses on what underlying mechanisms are causative to this correlation, but the results remain unclear. A common hypothesis is that lipid oxidation, which occurs in endogenous lipids and phospholipids in consumed food, are catalyzed by the heme iron in meat.

Changes in Intestinal Permeability Ex Vivo and Immune Cell Activation by Three Commonly Used Emulsifiers.

Food additives such as emulsifiers are used in increasing quantities in the food industry. The aim of this study was to compare three different emulsifiers (polysorbate 80 (P80), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and β-lactoglobulin (β-lac) with regards to their effect on the stimulation of immune cells and intestinal permeability. The immune stimulatory effects were studied in the myeloid cell line MUTZ-3-cells, while the change in intestinal permeability was studied in the Caco-2 cell line and ex vivo in the Ussing chamber system using small intestinal fragments from rats.

Safeguarding of quinoa beverage production by fermentation with Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 9843.

Plant-based beverages are increasing in popularity and quinoa is an attractive option. A hygienic implication linked to the production of beverages from raw material originating from plants is the high microbial contamination. The safety of the product can be guaranteed by lactic acid fermentation, and by using a probiotic strain as starter culture for the fermentation, the final product will benefit from a high number of live probiotics.

Lipid oxidation inhibition capacity of plant extracts and powders in a processed meat model system.

A meat model system was used for screening lipid oxidation inhibiting capacity of diverse horticultural plant materials. In the model, heme-containing sarcoplasmic proteins from the meat water-phase were homogenized with linoleic acid and thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS) were measured. 23 Plant materials were investigated at three high (50, 100, and 200 ppm) concentrations and five plant extracts were tested at three low (5, 10, and 20 ppm) concentrations over time.

Lipid Oxidation Inhibition Capacity of 11 Plant Materials and Extracts Evaluated in Highly Oxidised Cooked Meatballs.

The underlying mechanism(s) behind the potential carcinogenicity of processed meat is a popular research subject of which the lipid oxidation is a common suspect. Different formulations and cooking parameters of a processed meat product were evaluated for their capacity to induce lipid oxidation. Meatballs made of beef or pork, containing different concentrations of fat (10 or 20 g 100 g), salt (2 or 4 g 100 g), subjected to differing cooking types (pan or deep frying), and storage times (1, 7, and 14 days), were evaluated using thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS).

Effects of and on the Peripheral Immune Response in Children with Celiac Disease Autoimmunity: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.

Two strains have proven anti-inflammatory properties by reducing pro-inflammatory responses to antigens. This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial tested the hypothesis that HEAL9 and 8700:2 suppress ongoing celiac disease autoimmunity in genetically at risk children on a gluten-containing diet in a longitudinally screening study for celiac disease. Seventy-eight children with celiac disease autoimmunity participated of whom 40 received 10 CFU/day of HEAL9 and 8700:2 (probiotic group) and 38 children maltodextrin (placebo group) for six months.

Leaf mineral content govern microbial community structure in the phyllosphere of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia).

The plant microbiome is an important factor for plant health and productivity. While the impact of nitrogen (N) availability for plant growth and development is well established, its influence on the microbial phyllosphere community structure is unknown. We hypothesize that nitrogen impacts the growth and abundance of several microorganisms on the leaf surface.

Methods to Study Colon Release: State of the Art and An Outlook on New Strategies for Better Biorelevant Release Media.

The primary focus of this review is a discussion regarding in vitro media for colon release, but we also give a brief overview of colon delivery and the colon microbiota as a baseline for this discussion. The large intestine is colonized by a vast number of bacteria, approximately 10 per gram of intestinal content. The microbial community in the colon is complex and there is still much that is unknown about its composition and the activity of the microbiome.

The Hurdle Approach-A Holistic Concept for Controlling Food Safety Risks Associated With Pathogenic Bacterial Contamination of Leafy Green Vegetables. A Review.

Consumers appreciate leafy green vegetables such as baby leaves for their convenience and wholesomeness and for adding a variety of tastes and colors to their plate. In Western cuisine, leafy green vegetables are usually eaten fresh and raw, with no step in the long chain from seed to consumption where potentially harmful microorganisms could be completely eliminated, e.g.

Comfort Theory in Practice-Nurse Anesthetists' Comfort Measures and Interventions in a Preoperative Context.

The Comfort Theory proposes a systematic work approach to respond to patients' holistic needs. The usefulness of the Comfort Theory in the perioperative setting should be investigated. The aim of this study was to describe and analyze the nurse anesthetist's comfort measures in the preoperative context on the basis of the Comfort Theory DESIGN: Qualitative observational study METHODS: Semi-structured, clinical observation data collection in the preoperative context and deductive thematic analysis FINDINGS: The nurse anesthetist's comfort measures in the preoperative phase in the operating room department aim to ensure the patient's needs of relief, ease and transcendence in the physical, psycho-spiritual, environmental and socio-cultural contexts CONCLUSIONS: The application of the Comfort Theory to daily work in the preoperative phase is of value for the nurse anesthetist in becoming more aware of the individual holistic needs of the patient and in this way adapting and initiating comfort measures and interventions.

Probiotic fruit beverages with different polyphenol profiles attenuated early insulin response.

Background: Consumption of polyphenol-rich fruits and vegetables may improve postprandial glucose and insulin levels and hence promote well-being. Previously it has been observed that consumption of bilberry decreases the postprandial insulin demand. The intention with the present study was to compare the impact of different supplements with various polyphenol profiles, on the postprandial glucose and insulin responses in healthy young adults.

Effects of household washing on bacterial load and removal of from lettuce and "ready-to-eat" salads.

Customer demands for fresh salads are increasing, but leafy green vegetables have also been linked to food-borne illness due to pathogens such as O157:H7. As a safety measure, consumers often wash leafy vegetables in water before consumption. In this study, we analyzed the efficiency of household washing to reduce the bacterial content.

Antioxidant capacity and major phenol compounds of horticultural plant materials not usually used.

Horticultural plant materials not usually used from onion, carrot, beetroot, sea buckthorn, black and red currants as well as a wastewater powder from olive oil production were analyzed for total phenols content (FC), ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), radical scavenging capacity (ABTS), and for major phenolic compounds by HPLC-MS. Antioxidant capacity and phenol content varied significantly between species and cultivars, with extracts of sea buckthorn leaves being superior. In different species, different phenolic compounds were closely associated with FRAP, ABTS and FC.

Oral Administration of 299v Reduces Cortisol Levels in Human Saliva during Examination Induced Stress: A Randomized, Double-Blind Controlled Trial.

. To clarify the effect of 299v on the salivary cortisol and salivary IgA levels in young adults under examination stress. .

Blueberry husks and probiotics attenuate colorectal inflammation and oncogenesis, and liver injuries in rats exposed to cycling DSS-treatment.

Long-term colonic inflammation promotes carcinogenesis and histological abnormalities of the liver, and colorectal tumours frequently arise in a background of dysplasia, a precursor of adenomas. Altered colonic microbiota with an increased proportion of bacteria with pro-inflammatory characteristics, have been implicated in neoplastic progression. The composition of the microbiota can be modified by dietary components such as probiotics, polyphenols and dietary fibres.

Gut microbiota and inflammation.

Systemic and local inflammation in relation to the resident microbiota of the human gastro-intestinal (GI) tract and administration of probiotics are the main themes of the present review. The dominating taxa of the human GI tract and their potential for aggravating or suppressing inflammation are described. The review focuses on human trials with probiotics and does not include in vitro studies and animal experimental models.

Colorectal Oncogenesis and Inflammation in a Rat Model Based on Chronic Inflammation due to Cycling DSS Treatments.

Inflammation is known to be linked with development of colorectal cancer, and the aim was to assess the malignant potential and degree of inflammation in a dextran-sulphate-sodium-(DSS-) induced cyclic colonic tumour model (CTM) in rats and to compare it with the azoxymethane-(AOM-) induced CTM model. Tumours developed in both groups, although, in the DSS group, the colonic mucosa appeared edematous and the number of haemorrhagic erosions and quantity of dysplastic lesions were higher as well as the mucosal concentration of myeloperoxidase and faecal viable count of Enterobacteriaceae. The livers were affected as evaluated by steatosis, parenchymal loss, haemorrhage, and inflammatory infiltrations, and higher proportions of acetate and lower proportions of butyrate in colonic content were found.

Effects on weight gain and gut microbiota in rats given bacterial supplements and a high-energy-dense diet from fetal life through to 6 months of age.

The aim of the present study was to assess the long-term effects of a high-energy-dense diet, supplemented with Lactobacillus plantarum (Lp) or Escherichia coli (Ec), on weight gain, fattening and the gut microbiota in rats. Since the mother's dietary habits can influence offspring physiology, dietary regimens started with the dams at pregnancy and throughout lactation and continued with the offspring for 6 months. The weight gain of group Lp was lower than that of groups C (control) and Ec (P = 0·086).