Factors Affecting the Awareness of Diabetic Retinopathy: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels. Over time, it can lead to serious complications in the eyes, heart, blood vessels, kidneys, and nerves, being the leading cause of blindness among working-age patients.

Aim And Methods: This descriptive observational cross-sectional study aims to evaluate the factors affecting the awareness of the general adult diabetic population about their chronic disease and its complications.

Myelomatous Pleural Effusion: A Rare Case Report and Literature Review.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is typically characterized by the neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells producing a monoclonal immunoglobulin. Pleural effusion in MM is uncommon and usually caused by heart failure, pulmonary embolus, and nephrotic syndrome [. 1978;138(5):727-30; .

Prevelance of depression and anxiety with their effect on quality of life in chronic kidney disease patients.

Chronic kidney disease is one of the most common chronic diseases globally. Many studies have shown it is strongly associated with increased social and psychological problems such as depression and anxiety which are considered as common psychiatric disorders that occur in patients with chronic kidney disease. We investigated the prevalence of depression, anxiety and perception of quality of life in a sample of chronic kidney disease patients at the Jordan University Hospital.

Mast Cell Numbers in Primary Eosinophilic Colitis are Significantly Higher than in Secondary Tissue Eosinophilia and Normal Control: a Possible Link to Pathogenesis.

Background: Primary Eosinophilic Colitis (PEC) is one of the rare eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases with a poorly understood pathogenesis. Eosinophilic esophagitis (EE) is the most common and best-understood disease in this category. Activated mast cells (MCs) have a role to play in the tissue damage in EE.

Thyroid cancer post radioactive iodine treatment for hyperthyroidism - case series and review of the literature.

Introduction: To assess the rate of thyroid cancer and mortality rate in a cohort of patients who received RAI¹³¹ treatment for hyperthyroidism and to report the index cases' characteristics and management MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cohort of 264 patients who received RAI¹³¹ treatment for different causes of thyrotoxicosis were followed up over a period of 18 years (1996-2014) by physical exam, radiological evaluation and serial thyroid function tests.

Results: During the follow up period, three cases of thyroid cancer were identified. The prevalence of thyroid cancer was 1.

Discovery of 2-(cyclohexylmethylamino)pyrimidines as a new class of reversible valosine containing protein inhibitors.

Valosine-containing protein (VCP), also known as p97 or cdc48 in yeast, is a highly abundant protein belonging to the AAA ATPase family involved in a number of essential cellular functions, including ubiquitin-proteasome mediated protein degradation, Golgi reassembly, transcription activation, and cell cycle control. Altered expression of VCP has been detected in many cancer types sometimes associated with poor prognosis. Furthermore, VCP mutations are causative of some neurodegenerative disorders.

Covalent and allosteric inhibitors of the ATPase VCP/p97 induce cancer cell death.

VCP (also known as p97 or Cdc48p in yeast) is an AAA(+) ATPase regulating endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation. After high-throughput screening, we developed compounds that inhibit VCP via different mechanisms, including covalent modification of an active site cysteine and a new allosteric mechanism. Using photoaffinity labeling, structural analysis and mutagenesis, we mapped the binding site of allosteric inhibitors to a region spanning the D1 and D2 domains of adjacent protomers encompassing elements important for nucleotide-state sensing and ATP hydrolysis.

Alkylsulfanyl-1,2,4-triazoles, a new class of allosteric valosine containing protein inhibitors. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships.

Valosine containing protein (VCP), also known as p97, is a member of AAA ATPase family that is involved in several biological processes and plays a central role in the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of misfolded proteins. VCP is an ubiquitously expressed, highly abundant protein and has been found overexpressed in many tumor types, sometimes associated with poor prognosis. In this respect, VCP has recently received a great deal of attention as a potential new target for cancer therapy.

Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among sexually active Jordanian females.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of the most important sexually transmitted infections among women of child bearing age in Jordan.

Goal: To assess the need for screening programs to detect sexually transmitted infections.

Study Design: This is a cross-sectional study wherein consecutive symptomatic and asymptomatic women presenting to gynecology and family planning clinics from different areas in Jordan were tested for reproductive tract infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Treponema pallidum, and Trichomonas vaginalis.

Partial characterization of the N-linked oligosaccharide structures on P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1).

PSGL-1, a specific ligand for P-, E- and L-selectin, was isolated from in vivo [3H]-glucosamine labeled HL-60 cells by a combination of wheat germ agglutinin-agarose and P- or E-selectin-agarose chromatography. N-linked oligosaccharides were released from the purified, denatured ligand molecule by peptide: N-glycosidase F treatment and, following separation by Sephacryl S-200 chromatography, partially characterized using lectin, ion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography in combination with glycosidase digestions. The data obtained suggest that the N-glycans on PSGL-1 are predominantly core-fucosylated, multiantennary complex type structures with extended, poly-N-acetyllactosamine containing outer chains.

Characterization of the O-linked oligosaccharide structures on P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1).

P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1, PSGL-1, a specific ligand for P-, E-, and L-selectin, was isolated from in vivo [3H]-glucosamine labeled HL-60 cells by a combination of wheat germ agglutinin and platelet P-selectin- or E-selectin receptor globulin-agarose chromatography. The O-linked oligosaccharides on the ligand were released by mild alkaline sodium borohydride treatment and analyzed by a combination of ion-exchange, size exclusion, lectin, and paper chromatography, together with specific exoglycosidase treatments and chemical modifications. Approximately 91% of the radioactivity released from PSGL-1 was recovered in five O-linked glycans: GalNAc (approximately 4% of the total structures), Galp, 3GalNAc (36%), and Galbeta, 3GalNAc substituted with one (45%), two (6%), or three (3%) N-acetyllactosamine repeat units.

The P-selectin glycoprotein ligand functions as a common human leukocyte ligand for P- and E-selectins.

P- and E-selectins belong to a family of Ca(2+)-dependent lectins and function as receptors for myeloid leukocytes. We have described a panel of monoclonal antibodies which recognize a sialoglycoprotein from human neutrophils and HL-60 promyelocytic cells and inhibit adhesion of these cells to P-selectin. In this study, we show that the E-selectin receptor-globulin (E-selectin Rg) affinity chromatography can isolate specifically only one glycoprotein from [3H]glucosamine-labeled HL-60 cells in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner.

CXC chemokines connective tissue activating peptide-III and neutrophil activating peptide-2 are heparin/heparan sulfate-degrading enzymes.

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans at cell surfaces or in extracellular matrices bind diverse molecules, including growth factors and cytokines, and it is believed that the activities of these molecules may be regulated by the metabolism of heparan sulfate. In this study, purification of a heparan sulfate-degrading enzyme from human platelets led to the discovery that the enzymatic activity residues in at least two members of the platelet basic protein (PBP) family known as connective tissue activating peptide-III (CTAP-III) and neutrophil activating peptide-2. PBP and its N-truncated derivatives, CTAP-III and neutrophil activating peptide-2, are CXC chemokines, a group of molecules involved in inflammation and wound healing.

A sialoglycoprotein from human leukocytes functions as a ligand for P-selectin.

P-selectin (CD62P), a Ca(2+)-dependent lectin expressed on activated platelets and endothelial cells, functions as a receptor for myeloid and monocytoid cells. Previous reports have described a homodimeric sialoglycoprotein from human leukocytes and HL-60 cells specifically recognized by P-selectin. We describe here a panel of monoclonal antibodies prepared against high molecular weight fractions of HL-60 cell membranes.

The three members of the selectin receptor family recognize a common carbohydrate epitope, the sialyl Lewis(x) oligosaccharide.

The selectins (lectin-EGF-complement binding-cell adhesion molecules [LEC-CAMs]) are a family of mammalian receptors implicated in the initial interactions between leukocytes and vascular endothelia, leading to lymphocyte homing, platelet binding, and neutrophil extravasation. The three known selectins, L-selectin (leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 [LECAM-1]), E-selectin (endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 [ELAM-1]), and P-selectin (GMP-140) share structural features that include a calcium-dependent lectin domain. The sialyl Lewis(x) carbohydrate epitope has been reported as a ligand for both E- and P-selectins.

Structural requirements for the carbohydrate ligand of E-selectin.

The acute inflammatory response requires that circulating leukocytes adhere to, and then migrate through, the vascular wall at the site of injury or infection. Several receptors have been implicated in this adhesion and migration process, including the selectins, a family of carbohydrate-binding proteins. The ligand for one of these proteins, E-selectin (LECAM-2, ELAM-1) has been described by several groups to contain a polylactosamine structure bearing a terminal sialic acid residue and at least one fucose residue.

Camel brain glutathione S-transferase purification, properties, regional and subcellular distribution.

1. Camel brain glutathione S-transferase was purified by glutathione-linked agarose affinity column and the different isozymes were separated by chromatofocusing. 2.

Myositis ossificans circumscripta: a complication of tetanus.

Myositis ossificans developed in a 67-year-old man recovering from tetanus. This rare complication develops in the convalescent phase of tetanus through metaplastic changes in undifferentiated connective tissue cells in areas of myocellular injury. Anoxia, hematoma formation, and immobilization may be contributing factors.

Interactions between murine alveolar macrophages and Mycoplasma pulmonis in vitro.

In comparison to syngeneic fibroblasts, alveolar macrophages collected from Fischer 344 rats demonstrated a significant ability to decrease the growth rate of cell-associated Mycoplasma pulmonis, even in the absence of specific actimycoplasmal antibodies. However, when exposed to thallium acetate (a cytotoxic heavy metal), macrophages supported growth of mycoplasmas almost as well as did untreated fibroblasts. This suggests an active antimycoplasmal process operative in untreated macrophages.