Simultaneous Effect of Diameter and Concentration of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes on Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Cement Mortars: With and without Biosilica.

In this work, the effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT1, MWCNT2, and MWCNT3) with different outer diameters and specific surface areas on the mechanical and electrical properties of cement mortar have been investigated. Various concentrations of MWCNTs were used (0.05, 0.

The Use of Biosilica to Increase the Compressive Strength of Cement Mortar: The Effect of the Mixing Method.

In this work, the effect of biosilica concentration and two different mixing methods with Portland cement on the compressive strength of cement-based mortars were investigated. The following values of the biosilica concentration of cement weight were investigated։ 2.5, 5, 7.

[Combined method of treatment of synechiae of the nasal cavity].

Diseases of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses lead to the development of clinical symptoms, among which difficulty in nasal breathing is among the most common complaints of patients in the practice of otorhinolaryngologists. To prevent the development of synechiae of the nasal cavity in surgery, the following principles are defined: 1) to reduce tissue injury, which is achieved by using modern equipment (endoscopic, laser, radio frequency, etc.); 2) to create a barrier between nearby areas of the nasal mucosa by introducing various intranasal splints; 3) to improve the process of tissue regeneration with the help of medicines (regenerants, reparants, etc.

Short-chain fatty acids in cancer pathogenesis.

Cancer is a multi-step process that can be viewed as a cellular and immunological shift away from homeostasis in response to selected infectious agents, mutations, diet, and environmental carcinogens. Homeostasis, which contributes importantly to the definition of "health," is maintained, in part by the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are metabolites of specific gut bacteria. Alteration in the composition of gut bacteria, or dysbiosis, is often a major risk factor for some two dozen tumor types.

[Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Rendu-Osler syndrome)].

The analysis of publications is carried out and current data concerning the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and principles of treatment of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia are presented.

Hepatitis B x (HBx) as a Component of a Functional Cure for Chronic Hepatitis B.

Patients who are carriers of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) are at high risk of chronic liver disease (CLD) which proceeds from hepatitis, to fibrosis, cirrhosis and to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The hepatitis B-encoded X antigen, HBx, promotes virus gene expression and replication, protects infected hepatocytes from immunological destruction, and promotes the development of CLD and HCC. For virus replication, HBx regulates covalently closed circular (ccc) HBV DNA transcription, while for CLD, HBx triggers cellular oxidative stress, in part, by triggering mitochondrial damage that stimulates innate immunity.

Hepatitis B x antigen (HBx) is an important therapeutic target in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a human pathogen that has infected an estimated two billion people worldwide. Despite the availability of highly efficacious vaccines, universal screening of the blood supply for virus, and potent direct acting anti-viral drugs, there are more than 250 million carriers of HBV who are at risk for the sequential development of hepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). More than 800,000 deaths per year are attributed to chronic hepatitis B.

Short chain fatty acids delay the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in HBx transgenic mice.

Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The HBV encoded oncoprotein, HBx, alters the expression of host genes and the activity of multiple signal transduction pathways that contribute to the pathogenesis of HCC by multiple mechanisms independent of HBV replication. However, it is not clear which pathways are the most relevant therapeutic targets in hepatocarcinogenesis.

Studies on the Efficacy, Potential Cardiotoxicity and Monkey Pharmacokinetics of GLP-26 as a Potent Hepatitis B Virus Capsid Assembly Modulator.

While treatment options are available for hepatitis B virus (HBV), there is currently no cure. Anti-HBV nucleoside analogs and interferon-alpha 2b rarely clear HBV covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), requiring lifelong treatment. Recently, we identified GLP-26, a glyoxamide derivative which modulates HBV capsid assembly.

Dumbbell-Shaped, Graft and Bottlebrush Polymers with All-Siloxane Nature: Synthetic Methodology, Thermal, and Rheological Behavior.

A methodology for synthesizing a wide range of dumbbell-shaped, graft and bottlebrush polymers with all-siloxane nature (without carbosilane linkers) is suggested. These macroarchitectures are synthesized from SiOH-containing compounds-silanol (Et SiOH) and siloxanol dendrons of the first and second generations, with various peripheral substituents (Me or Et)-and from linear siloxanes comprising terminal and internal SiH groups by the Piers-Rubinsztajn reaction. Products and key building blocks are obtained in yields up to 95%.

Effectiveness of fillings and stainless-steel pediatric crowns for primary molars restoration: the results of prospective randomized split mouth study.

The paper presents the results of randomized split moth study on effectiveness of fillings and stainless-steel pediatric crowns (SSC) for primary teeth restoration. The study involved 68 children aged 1.5 to 6 years having at least two symmetrical primary molars diagnosed with chronic pulpitis (a total of 166 primary molars).

Aerobic Co-/ N-Hydroxysuccinimide-Catalyzed Oxidation of p-Tolylsiloxanes to p-Carboxyphenylsiloxanes: Synthesis of Functionalized Siloxanes as Promising Building Blocks for Siloxane-Based Materials.

Synthesis of organosilicon products with a "polar" functional group within organic substituents is one of the most fundamentally and practically important challenges in today's chemistry of silicones. In our study, we suggest a solution to this problem, viz., a high-efficiency preparative method based on aerobic Co-/ N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHSI) catalyzed oxidation of p-tolylsiloxanes to p-carboxyphenylsiloxanes.

Designing a broad-spectrum integrative approach for cancer prevention and treatment.

Targeted therapies and the consequent adoption of "personalized" oncology have achieved notable successes in some cancers; however, significant problems remain with this approach. Many targeted therapies are highly toxic, costs are extremely high, and most patients experience relapse after a few disease-free months. Relapses arise from genetic heterogeneity in tumors, which harbor therapy-resistant immortalized cells that have adopted alternate and compensatory pathways (i.

Sustained proliferation in cancer: Mechanisms and novel therapeutic targets.

Proliferation is an important part of cancer development and progression. This is manifest by altered expression and/or activity of cell cycle related proteins. Constitutive activation of many signal transduction pathways also stimulates cell growth.

The roles of hepatitis B virus-encoded X protein in virus replication and the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease.

Introduction: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major cause of chronic liver disease (CLD) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. More than 350 million people are at risk for HCC, and with few treatment options available, therapeutic approaches to targets other than the virus polymerase will be needed. This review suggests that the HBV-encoded X protein, HBx, would be an outstanding target because it contributes to the biology and pathogenesis of HBV in three fundamental ways.

Preclinical characterization of GLS4, an inhibitor of hepatitis B virus core particle assembly.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated chronic liver diseases are treated with nucleoside analogs that target the virus polymerase. While these analogs are potent, drugs are needed to target other virus-encoded gene products to better block the virus replication cycle and chronic liver disease. This work further characterized GLS4 and compared it to the related BAY 41-4109, both of which trigger aberrant HBV core particle assembly, where the virus replication cycle occurs.

Pathogenic mechanisms in HBV- and HCV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly lethal cancer, with increasing worldwide incidence, that is mainly associated with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. There are few effective treatments partly because the cell- and molecular-based mechanisms that contribute to the pathogenesis of this tumour type are poorly understood. This Review outlines pathogenic mechanisms that seem to be common to both viruses and which suggest innovative approaches to the prevention and treatment of HCC.

A spiroligomer α-helix mimic that binds HDM2, penetrates human cells and stabilizes HDM2 in cell culture.

We demonstrate functionalized spiroligomers that mimic the HDM2-bound conformation of the p53 activation domain. Spiroligomers are stereochemically defined, functionalized, spirocyclic monomers coupled through pairs of amide bonds to create spiro-ladder oligomers. Two series of spiroligomers were synthesized, one of structural analogs and one of stereochemical analogs, from which we identified compound 1, that binds HDM2 with a Kd value of 400 nM.

Hedgehog signaling blockade delays hepatocarcinogenesis induced by hepatitis B virus X protein.

The hepatitis B virus (HBV) encoded X protein (HBx) contributes centrally to the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Aberrant activation of the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway has been linked to many tumor types including HCC. Thus, experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that HBx promotes HCC via activation of Hh signaling.

Evaluation of single and combination therapies with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine in vitro and in a robust mouse model supporting high levels of hepatitis B virus replication.

Next-generation therapies for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection will involve combinations of established and/or experimental drugs. The current study investigated the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and/or emtricitabine [(-)-FTC] alone and in combination therapy for HBV infection utilizing the HepAD38 system (human hepatoblastoma cells transfected with HBV). Cellular pharmacology studies demonstrated increased levels of (-)-FTC triphosphate with coincubation of increasing concentrations of TDF, while (-)-FTC had no effect on intracellular tenofovir (TFV) diphosphate levels.

Epigenetic repression of E-cadherin expression by hepatitis B virus x antigen in liver cancer.

Loss of E-cadherin is associated with acquisition of metastatic capacity. Numerous studies suggest that histone deacetylation and/or hypermethylation of CpG islands in E-cadherin gene (CDH1) are major mechanisms responsible for E-cadherin silencing in different tumors and cancer cell lines. The hepatitis B virus (HBV)-encoded X antigen, HBx, contributes importantly to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma using multiple mechanisms.

Does the hepatitis B antigen HBx promote the appearance of liver cancer stem cells?

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major etiologic agent of chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HBV-encoded X antigen, HBx, and pathways implicated in the self-renewal of stem cells contribute to HCC, but it is not clear whether HBx expression promotes "stemness." Thus, experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that HBx triggers malignant transformation by promoting properties that are characteristic of cancer stem cells (CSC).

Insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 regulates murine embryonic stem (mES) cells self-renewal.

Mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells are pluripotent cells that can be propagated in vitro with leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and serum. Intracellular signaling by LIF is principally mediated by activation of STAT-3, although additional pathways for self-renewal have been described. Here, we identified a novel role for Insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) as a critical factor in mES cells self-renewal and differentiation.

p27(SJ), a novel protein in St John's Wort, that suppresses expression of HIV-1 genome.

Transcription of the HIV-1 genome is controlled by the cooperation of viral regulatory proteins and several host factors which bind to specific DNA sequences within the viral promoter spanning the long terminal repeat, (LTR). Here, we describe the identification of a novel protein, p27(SJ), present in a laboratory callus culture of Hypericum perforatum (St John's Wort) that suppresses transcription of the HIV-1 genome in several human cell types including primary culture of microglia and astrocytes. p27(SJ) associates with C/EBPbeta, a transcription factor that regulates expression of the HIV-1 genome in macrophages and monocytic cells, and the viral transactivator, Tat.