Effectiveness of tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship bans on smoking prevalence, initiation and cessation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Bans on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship (TAPS) have the potential to influence smoking behaviour. However, many countries are yet to implement such strategies.

Objective: This study aimed to synthesise contemporary evidence on the effectiveness of TAPS bans on smoking prevalence, initiation and cessation.

A Critical Review of Diagnostic Strategies and Maternal Offspring Complications in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a complex and significant health concern affecting pregnant individuals and their offspring. This review provides a comprehensive examination of GDM, focusing on diagnostic strategies and the associated maternal and offspring complications. We delve into the challenges and controversies surrounding GDM diagnosis, including the variability in diagnostic criteria, diagnostic accuracy and reproducibility issues, ethical considerations, and the influence of ethnicity and genetics.