Aqueous humor cytokines and cellular profiles in pediatric ocular granulomas caused by theTrematode Fluke Procerovum sp.

Background: Children from coastal areas of South India develop granulomatous eye disease after swimming in their village ponds, the causative organism being trematode .

Aim: To understand the pathogenesis by analyzing the cellular profile, cytokines, and chemokines of aqueous fluid.

Methods: This was a prospective study over 1 year on pediatric patients with ocular granuloma caused by a Trematode Fluke sp.

Keratitis occurring in patients treated with miltefosine for post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis.

Aim: To describe the characteristic clinical features and management of keratitis in the patients receiving miltefosine for post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL).

Methods: The medical records of five patients with PKDL who presented with keratitis were reviewed retrospectively from April 2018 to December 2019. The evaluation included a thorough medical history including details on drugs used, particularly miltefosine.

Polymerase Chain Reaction and its Correlation with Clinical Features and Treatment Response in Tubercular Uveitis.

Purpose: Correlation of results of polymerase chain reaction for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB PCR) with clinical features and treatment response in tubercular uveitis.

Methods: Retrospective case study.

Results: Among 56 patients, 31 (55.

Trematode Fluke Procerovum varium as Cause of Ocular Inflammation in Children, South India.

Trematodes are recognized as a group of emerging parasites in tropical countries. We identified a trematode as a cause of ocular granulomas that developed in children who bathed in ponds or rivers in South India. DNA was isolated from patients' surgically excised granulomas and from the trematode cercariae (larvae) released by the snail Melanoides tuberculata in water in which the children bathed.

Molecular diagnosis and ocular imaging of West Nile virus retinitis and neuroretinitis.

Purpose: To describe the ocular features of West Nile virus (WNV) infection proven by serology and molecular diagnostic techniques.

Design: Prospective case series.

Participants: Fifty-two patients who presented to the uveitis clinic with ocular inflammatory signs and history of fever preceding ocular symptoms between January 2010 and January 2012 were enrolled for laboratory diagnosis.

Analysis of the SALL4 gene in patients with Duane retraction syndrome in a South Indian population.

Duane retraction syndrome (DRS) is a congenital eye movement disorder characterized most typically by partial or complete failure of abduction and narrowing of palpebral fissure with globe retraction on adduction. Recently mutations of the SALL4 gene on chromosome 20 have been linked to DRS associated with radial forearm malformations (Okihiro syndrome). In this prospective, non-interventional study we screened for SALL4 mutations in 72 patients clinically diagnosed as having isolated DRS or DRS associated syndromes.