Cardioprotective effects of arjunolic acid in LPS-stimulated H9C2 and C2C12 myotubes via the My88-dependent TLR4 signaling pathway.

Context: Arjunolic acid (AA) is a triterpenoid saponin found in (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. (Combretaceae).

Arjunolic acid modulate pancreatic dysfunction by ameliorating pattern recognition receptor and canonical Wnt pathway activation in type 2 diabetic rats.

Background: Arjunolic acid (AA) is a potent phytochemical with multiple therapeutics effects. In this study, AA is evaluated on type 2 diabetic (T2DM) rats to understand the mechanism of β-cell linkage with Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) and canonical Wnt signaling. However, its role in modulating TLR-4 and canonical Wnt/β-catenin crosstalk on insulin signaling remains unclear during T2DM.

Genetic studies of heat stress regulation in goat during hot climatic condition.

Various direct and indirect environmental constraints have an impact on livestock performance. The physiological parameters, such as rectal temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate, are the primary indicators of thermal stress. Under a stressed environment temperature humidity index (THI) had established as a vital measurement to identify the thermal stress in livestock.

Non-toxic nature of chebulinic acid on biochemical, hematological and histopathological analysis in normal Sprague Dawley rats.

Chebulinic acid (CA) is an ellagitannins isolated from the dried fruits of with diverse pharmacological activities. The present study focused on the acute toxicity of CA in normal Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. CA was administered via oral gavage to different groups in 300 and 2000 mg/kg body weight and vehicle respectively.

Re-thinking cheat-proof and supervision-free exams: A perspective in view of Covid-19 situation in developing economies.

The emergence of the global pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 has posed several challenges to education across the globe and led to the emergence and progression of newer methods of teaching and assessment. While online teaching has been quickly adopted and implemented across the globe, exams and assessment remain poorly managed both at an elementary and higher level. The practice of promoting students without an equivalent assessment or poor methods of online examinations systems poses a future difficulty in employability assessment and academic equivalence.

Arjunolic acid downregulates elevated blood sugar and pro-inflammatory cytokines in streptozotocin (STZ)-nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetic rats.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a worldwide health issue primarily due to failure of pancreatic β-cells to release sufficient insulin.

Purpose: The present work aimed to assess the antidiabetic potential of arjunolic acid (AA) isolated from Terminalia arjuna in type 2 diabetic rats.

Study Design: After extraction, isolation and purification, AA was orally administered to type 2 diabetic Sprague Dawley rats to investigate antidiabetic effect of AA.

Altitude acclimatization via hypoxia-mediated oxidative eustress involves interplay of protein nitrosylation and carbonylation: A redoxomics perspective.

Aim: Hypoxia is an important feature of multiple diseases like cancer and obesity and also an environmental stressor to high altitude travelers. Emerging research suggests the importance of redox signaling in physiological responses transforming the notion of oxidative stress into eustress and distress. However, the behavior of redox protein post-translational modifications (PTMs), and their correlation with stress acclimatization in humans remains sketchy.

The Role of Smoothened-Dependent and -Independent Hedgehog Signaling Pathway in Tumorigenesis.

The Hedgehog (Hh)-glioma-associated oncogene homolog (GLI) signaling pathway is highly conserved among mammals, with crucial roles in regulating embryonic development as well as in cancer initiation and progression. The GLI transcription factors (GLI1, GLI2, and GLI3) are effectors of the Hh pathway and are regulated via Smoothened (SMO)-dependent and SMO-independent mechanisms. The SMO-dependent route involves the common Hh-PTCH-SMO axis, and mutations or transcriptional and epigenetic dysregulation at these levels lead to the constitutive activation of GLI transcription factors.

Complementary and Alternative Medicine's Effectiveness in Reducing High-Impact Chronic Pain and Opioid Consumption: A Case Report in the Veteran Population.

Chronic pain is a condition affecting millions of Americans annually. Veterans, as a population cohort, are often afflicted with chronic pain that is more complex, with higher rates of psychiatric and social comorbidities when compared to the general population. In this case report, we describe a veteran with major depressive disorder and alcohol abuse afflicted by high-impact chronic pain, initially treated and then maintained on high dose opioids developing dependency, who was successfully weaned off and achieved adequate pain management using complementary and alternative medicine, namely Qi gong.

Modulation of lung cytoskeletal remodeling, RXR based metabolic cascades and inflammation to achieve redox homeostasis during extended exposures to lowered pO.

Extended exposure to low pO has multiple effects on signaling cascades. Despite multiple exploratory studies, omics studies elucidating the signaling cascades essential for surviving extended low pO exposures are lacking. In this study, we simulated low pO (P = 40 kPa; 7620 m) exposure in male Sprague-Dawley rats for 3, 7 and 14 days.

A student centric method for calculation of fatty acid energetics: Integrated formula and web tool.

Mitochondrial beta-oxidation is one of the most common modes of fatty acids' oxidation in most organisms, particularly mammals. Biochemistry undergraduate curriculum often contains the description of the process, with emphasis on ATP calculations for various types of fatty acids. During our decade long teaching experience in biochemistry, we observed the difficulty faced by students in calculating energetics of several fatty acids beyond palmitic acid.

Asperginols A and B, Diterpene Pyrones, from an sp. and the Structure Revision of Previously Reported Analogues.

Two new diterpene pyrones, asperginols A () and B (), and four known analogues (-) were isolated from the endophytic fungus sp. HAB10R12. The structures and absolute configurations of these compounds were elucidated based on the analysis of their NMR, MS, and X-ray diffraction data.

FoxO1 signaling as a therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes and obesity.

Glucose production and the consumption of high levels of carbohydrate increase the chance of insulin resistance, especially in cases of obesity. Therefore, maintaining a balanced glucose homeostasis might form a strategy to prevent or cure diabetes and obesity. The activation and inhibition of glucose production is complicated due to the presence of many interfering pathways.

Lauric acid ameliorates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced liver inflammation by mediating TLR4/MyD88 pathway in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats.

Background: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an endotoxin that leads to inflammation in many organs, including liver. It binds to pattern recognition receptors, that generally recognise pathogen expressed molecules to transduce signals that result in a multifaceted network of intracellular responses ending up in inflammation. Aim In this study, we used lauric acid (LA), a constituent abundantly found in coconut oil to determine its anti-inflammatory role in LPS-induced liver inflammation in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats.

Diosgenin, a steroidal saponin, and its analogs: Effective therapies against different chronic diseases.

Background: Chronic diseases are a major cause of mortality worldwide, and despite the recent development in treatment modalities, synthetic drugs have continued to show toxic side effects and development of chemoresistance, thereby limiting their application. The use of phytochemicals has gained attention as they show minimal side effects. Diosgenin is one such phytochemical which has gained importance for its efficacy against the life-threatening diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, nervous system disorders, asthma, arthritis, diabetes, and many more.

DenvInD: dengue virus inhibitors database for clinical and molecular research.

Dengue virus (DENV) researchers often face challenges with the highly time-consuming process of collecting and curating information on known inhibitors during the standard drug discovery process. To this end, however, required collective information is not yet available on a single platform. Hence, we have developed the DenvInD database for experimentally validated DENV inhibitors against its known targets presently hosted at https://webs.

Computational investigation of phytomolecules as resuscitation-promoting factor B (RpfB) inhibitors for clinical suppression of Mycobacterium tuberculosis dormancy reactivation.

Among the various strategies of curbing tuberculosis, suppression of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a primary goal of the WHO to stop its infection, which is further strengthened by the presence of a massive reservoir of latently infected individuals. Several efforts have been made to explore potential candidates, including drug-repurposing, phytomolecules evaluation, and de novo designs. Compared to other strategies, investigation of phytomolecules with known experimental evidence represents a highly cost-effective and less time-consuming approach.

Food additive "lauric acid" possess non-toxic profile on biochemical, haematological and histopathological studies in female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats.

Background: Lauric acid (LA), a common constituent of coconut oil, is used as food additives and supplements in various formulations. Despite various potential pharmacological properties, no scientific evidence on its dose-related toxicity and safety is available till date.

Objective: The current study was conducted to evaluate acute oral toxicity of LA on normal rats.

Wnt signaling mediates TLR pathway and promote unrestrained adipogenesis and metaflammation: Therapeutic targets for obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Diabesity is the combination of type 2 diabetes and obesity characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation. The Wnt signaling act as an evolutionary pathway playing crucial role in regulating cellular homeostasis and energy balance from hypothalamus to metabolic organs. Aberrant activity of certain appendages in the canonical and non-canonical Wnt system deregulates metabolism and leads to adipose tissue expansion, this key event initiates metabolic stress causing metaflammation and obesity.

Integration of biometric ID for the effective collection and epidemiological evaluation of antibiotic prescription in tuberculosis and other diseases: A medical hypothesis.

Objective: Tuberculosis (TB) poses a huge socioeconomic burden and remains listed among the top ten causes of deaths across the globe, despite enormous efforts of health agencies and researchers. The primary concern in a relatively slower pace of curbing TB is the emergence of multi-drug resistance and difficulty in tracking antibiotic consumption.

Methods: We propose here a biometric-linked digital means of antibiotic prescription data collection and its utility for various epidemiological assessments.

Oral toxicity of arjunolic acid on hematological, biochemical and histopathological investigations in female Sprague Dawley rats.

Background: Arjunolic acid (AA) is a potent phytochemical with wider pharmacological activities. Despite potential medicinal properties on various in vitro and in vivo studies, there is still a dearth of scientific data related to its safety profile and toxicological parameters. The current study aimed to investigate acute toxicity of AA in normal female Sprague Dawley rats.