Predictive Role of Computed Tomography Texture Analysis in Patients with Metastatic Urothelial Cancer Treated with Programmed Death-1 and Programmed Death-ligand 1 Inhibitors.

Background: Reliable biomarkers to predict the response of metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC) to programmed death-1 and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitors are being investigated. Texture analysis represents tumor heterogeneity and may serve as a predictor of response in mUC.

Objective: To assess the predictive ability of computed tomography (CT) texture analysis for progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with mUC treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.

Applications of Advanced Breast Imaging Modalities.

Purpose Of Review: Advanced mammographic imaging modalities have been implemented in clinical practices throughout the USA. The most notable and widely used has been the three-dimensional derivative of digital mammography, known as digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT). In this article, we review the screening and diagnostic applications of DBT, along with its limitations.

The short esophagus: Review of a neglected entity.

In this pictorial essay, the authors discuss etiologies, imaging findings with focus on fluoroscopy and management of the short esophagus in children and adults.