Capsule Endoscopy in the Diagnosis, Disease Mapping, and Monitoring of Treatment Response in Gastrointestinal Whipple's Disease.

Whipple's disease is a rare systemic infection causing malabsorption. Affected patients often undergo extensive investigation until final diagnosis with periodic acid-Schiff-positive histology. We present the case of a 73-year-old man diagnosed with Whipple's disease after a prolonged history, with a focus on capsule endoscopy (CE) in both mapping the extent of the pathology and follow-up.

Hypothesis: Pentoxifylline is a potential cytokine modulator therapeutic in COVID-19 patients.

We propose a new hypothesis that the established drug pentoxifylline deserves attention as a potential repurposed therapeutic for COVID-19. Pentoxifylline is an immunomodulator with anti-inflammatory properties. It is a nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor and through Adenosine A2A Receptor-mediated pathways reduces tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1, interleukin 6, and interferon gamma and may act to reduce tissue damage during the cytokine storm host response to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Blunted increase in serum hepcidin as response to oral iron in HFE-hemochromatosis.

Background: HFE hemochromatosis (HFE-H) is the most common and well-defined inherited cause for iron-related morbidity and mortality. Majority of patients with HFE-H are homozygote for C282Y mutation. Recent studies suggest that iron accumulation in most types of hemochromatosis is due to deficiency of hepcidin, a central iron regulator.

Hepcidin levels in hereditary hyperferritinemia: Insights into the iron-sensing mechanism in hepatocytes.

Aim: To study the role of hepcidin in hereditary hyperferritinemia cataract syndrome (HHCS).

Methods: Six patients from two families with HHCS, confirmed by genetic analysis showing A to G mutation at position +40 in the L-ferritin gene, were recruited to undergo serum hepcidin and prohepcidin measurements using radioimmunoassay and enzyme linked immunoassay, respectively, and measurements were compared with levels in serum from 25 healthy volunteers (14 females), mean age 36 +/- 11.9 years.

Presence of hepcidin-25 in biological fluids: bile, ascitic and pleural fluids.

Aim: To examine body fluids such as ascitic fluid (AF), saliva, bile and pleural effusions for the presence of hepcidin using a novel radioimmunoassay (RIA).

Methods: Serum samples were collected from 25 healthy volunteers (mean age: 36 +/- 11.9 years, 11 males, 14 females).

Hepcidin and inflammatory bowel disease: dual role in host defence and iron homoeostasis.

Objective: Hepcidin is an endogenous antimicrobial peptide with a key role in iron homoeostasis. Hepcidin is similar to defensin, the deficiency of which is associated with Crohn's disease. To date there has been no validated method to reliably assay serum hepcidin.

Prohepcidin levels in refractory anaemia caused by lead poisoning.

Recent research evidence suggests a central role for hepcidin in iron homeostasis. Hepcidin is a hormone synthesized in the liver. Hepcidin is also thought to play a vital role in the pathogenic mechanism of anaemia in patients with inflammation or chronic disease.

Defective release of Hepcidin not defective synthesis is the primary pathogenic mechanism in HFE-Haemochromatosis.

Recent findings indicate a principal role for Hepcidin in iron homeostasis. Hepcidin is also thought to play a vital role in the pathogenic mechanism of anaemia in patients with inflammation or chronic disease. Under normal conditions influx and efflux of iron from duodenal enterocytes is regulated by Ferroportin.

Alcoholic ketoacidosis with multiple complications: a case report.

Alcoholic ketoacidosis is a poorly diagnosed medical emergency usually identified in chronic alcohol misusers following an abrupt cessation or reduction of alcohol consumption. A high index of suspicion should be maintained by acute physicians as response to treatment is rapid with complete resolution of metabolic derangements. Complications are usually the result of not instituting the correct treatment or not addressing associated conditions.