Polyethylene Glycol-Based Polymer-Drug Conjugates: Novel Design and Synthesis Strategies for Enhanced Therapeutic Efficacy and Targeted Drug Delivery.

Due to their potential to enhance therapeutic results and enable targeted drug administration, polymer-drug conjugates that use polyethylene glycol (PEG) as both the polymer and the linker for drug conjugation have attracted much research. This study seeks to investigate recent developments in the design and synthesis of PEG-based polymer-drug conjugates, emphasizing fresh ideas that fill in existing knowledge gaps and satisfy the increasing need for more potent drug delivery methods. Through an extensive review of the existing literature, this study identifies key challenges and proposes innovative strategies for future investigations.

Variations in human pulmonary fissures and lobes: a study conducted in nepalese cadavers.

The fissures of lungs are embryologically separating the bronchopulmonary segments, which later on persist in interlobar planes of fully developed lung. Fifty lungs (23 right side and 27 left side), obtained during routine dissection and preserved in formalin constituted the material for present study. In them, variations in fissures and lobes of lung were observed and compared with the previous studies.

Advances in the Delivery of Cancer Therapeutics: A Comprehensive Review.

Background: The effects of various chemotherapeutic agents have been assessed for their capacity to inhibit the cell replication in variety of cancer cases. At present there are more than hundred chemotherapeutic agents capturing worth 42 billion dollar of drug market. The major obstacle in the successful treatment of cancer is the obnoxious side effects of chemotherapeutics and multi drug resistance, which deteriorates the quality of life of cancer patient.

Synthesis and oral hypoglycemic effect of novel thiazine containing trisubstituted benzenesulfonylurea derivatives.

A new series of 3-(4-substituted phenyl)-1-(4-(4,6-dimethyl-6H-1,3-thiazin-2-yl)phenylsulfonyl)-1-substituted urea (5a-o) was synthesized by an effectual route via sulfonylcarbamates and explores the novel site for substitution in sulfonylurea as well as the way of thiazine can be prepared. The molecules were established by elemental analysis and spectroscopic viz. IR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR and MS techniques.

Synthesis and Anticonvulsant Effect of Novel Thiazolidinedione Containing Benzene-sulfonylurea and Sulfonylthiourea Derivatives.

A newer series of 1-(4-substitutedphenyl)-3-(4-((2,4-dioxothiazolidin-5-lidene)methyl)phenyl sulfonyl)urea/thiourea (4a-l) were synthesized for their anticonvulsant activity. The activity is attributed to its potential to restrain astrocytic Na+, 2HCl, and K+ co-transport similar to torasemide which has sulfonylurea in its structure. Torasemide having the similar action as the furosemide that obstructs kainic acid-induced electrical discharges observed from cortex and it has neuroprotective agents, for instance antagonizing the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA receptors for evaluating antiepileptic activity.

Anticonvulsant and Neurotoxicity of Some Novel 1-([1,3,4]thiadiazino[6,5- b]indol-3-yl Semicarbazides.

In the present study a series of new N(4)-(4-substituted benzylidene)-N(1)-([1,3,4]thiadiazino [6,5-b]indol-3-yl)semicarbazide (1-6), N(4)-([1,3,4]thiadiazino[6,5-b]indol-3-yl)-N(1)-(1-(4-substituted phenyl)ethylidene)semicarbazide (7-10), N(4)-([1,3,4]thiadiazino[6,5-b]indol-3-yl)-N(1)-((4-substituted phenyl)(phenyl)methylene) semicarbazide. (11-14) have been synthesized from isatin and thiosemicarbazide through multiple steps to meet structural necessities for the anticonvulsant activity. All the newly prepared compounds were characterized by spectral techniques like FT-IR, (1)H and (13)C NMR, EI-MS and elemental analysis.

Promotion and computation of inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity of herbal cream by incorporating indigenous medicinal plants.

Herbal cream imparts a chief role in regulating melanin production of skin. The phytoconstituents present in herbal cream impact biological functions of skin and contribute nutrients required for the healthy skin. In the present study, it was envisaged to prepare three batches of herbal cream (HC1, HC2 and HC3) containing ethanol extracts of Emblica officinalis (fruits), Daucus carota (root), Mangifera indica (leaves), Mentha arvensis (leaves), Terminalia arjuna (bark) and Cucumis sativus (fruits) and investigated the prepared cream for inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity.

In vitro techniques to assess the proficiency of skin care cosmetic formulations.

Cosmetics comprising either natural or synthetic components are used almost regularly and universally in different forms to enhance the beauty. The utmost disclosure of human membrane to sunlight and environmental pollution results in the exhibition of free radical, that react with deoxyribonucleic acid, proteins and fatty acids, causation oxidative destruction dysfunction of the antioxidant system. In skin, the formation of reactive oxygen species leads to skin diseases, predominantly cutaneous malignancies, immunosuppression, wrinkles, aging, etc.

Development, in vitro and in vivo characterization of Eudragit RL 100 nanoparticles for improved ocular bioavailability of acetazolamide.

Glaucoma is characterized by increased intra ocular pressure (IOP) which results in blindness if left untreated. Acetazolamide (ACZ) is used to treat glaucoma since long back. Since it is a Class IV drug [According to Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS)], so its topical delivery results in poor ocular bioavailability.

Optimization of polymeric nano drug delivery system using 3(2) full factorial design.

This study investigated the utility of a 3(2) factorial design and optimization process for nanoparticle suspension prepared by two different polymers Eudragit(®) RS 100 and Eudragit (®) RL 100 respectively. Total 18 formulations (9 formulations with each polymer) were prepared by solvent displacement technique. In these designs, two factors namely polymer weight (X1) and Aq.

Chemical characteristics of aerosols and trace gas distribution over North and Central India.

A field campaign on aerosol chemical properties and trace gases measurements was carried out along the Delhi-Hyderabad-Delhi road corridor (spanning about 3,200 km) in India, during February 1-29, 2004. Aerosol particles were collected on quartz and cellulose filters using high volume (PM(10)) sampler at various locations along the route (i.e.

Greenhouse gas emissions from municipal solid waste management in Indian mega-cities: a case study of Chennai landfill sites.

Municipal solid waste generation rate is over-riding the population growth rate in all mega-cities in India. Greenhouse gas emission inventory from landfills of Chennai has been generated by measuring the site specific emission factors in conjunction with relevant activity data as well as using the IPCC methodologies for CH4 inventory preparation. In Chennai, emission flux ranged from 1.

Methane and nitrous oxide emission from bovine manure management practices in India.

We report seasonal variation in CH(4) and N(2)O emission rate from solid storage of bovine manure in Delhi as well as emission factors and emission inventory from manure management systems in India. Emission flux observed in the year 2002-2003 was 4.29+/-1, 4.