Percutaneous endocardial occlusion of incompletely surgically ligated left atrial appendage.

Introduction: Surgical ligation of the left atrial appendage is considered standard of care in patients who undergo mitral valve surgery or as an adjunct to a surgical Maze procedure for treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, several studies have demonstrated that this can result in incompletely surgically ligated left atrial appendage (ISLL) in a significant number of patients. It is believed that ISLL may in turn promote thrombus formation and lead to clinically relevant thromboembolic events.