Longitudinal changes in regional fat and muscle composition and cardiometabolic biomarkers over 5 years of hormone therapy in transgender individuals.

Background: Longitudinal studies investigating hormone therapy in transgender individuals are rare and often limited to 1- to 2-year follow-up periods.

Objectives And Methods: We examined changes in body composition, muscle volumes, and fat distribution as well as muscle strength, arterial stiffness, and cardiometabolic biomarkers in both transgender men (TM; n = 17, age 25 ± 5 years) and transgender women (TW; n = 16, age 28 ± 5 years) at baseline and after 1 and 5-6 years of hormone therapy in a longitudinal prospective cohort design. Whole-body and regional fat and muscle volumes were analyzed using magnetic resonance imaging, and blood samples were taken.

Cardiometabolic risk assessment in transgender individuals - differential impact of sex hormones and sex chromosomes.

Background: While transgender individuals represent a significant group seeking medical care, the differential effect of sex on cardiometabolic risk metrics is incompletely understood. Therefore, the current study aimed to characterize the impact of sex hormones and chromosomes on a contemporary panel of cardiometabolic risk biomarkers and functional cardiovascular measurements.

Methods: 17 transmen and 17 transwomen were studied at baseline (T0), 4 weeks (hormonal castration, T1), and 11 months following gender-affirming hormone treatment (T12).

Maternal Steroid Hormone Levels in Early Pregnancy and Autism in the Offspring: A Population-Based, Nested Case-Control Study.

Background: A role for prenatal steroid hormones in the etiology of autism has been proposed, but evidence is conflicting.

Methods: Here, we examined serum levels of maternal estradiol, testosterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone (OHP), and cortisol from the first trimester of gestation (mean = 10.1 weeks) in relation to the odds of diagnosed autism with and without co-occurring intellectual disability (ID) in the offspring (n = 118 autism with ID, n = 249 autism without ID, n = 477 control).

Adipokine secretion and lipolysis following gender-affirming treatment in transgender individuals.

Background: The organ-specific effects of gender-affirming sex hormone treatment (GAHT) in transgender women (TW) and transgender men (TM) are insufficiently explored. This study investigated the effects of GAHT on adipose tissue function.

Methods: In a single-center interventional prospective study, 32 adults undergoing GAHT, 15 TW and 17 TM, were examined with anthropometry and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies obtained before initiation of treatment, 1 month after endogenous sex hormone inhibition and three and 11 months after initiated GAHT.

Structural brain differences related to compulsive sexual behavior disorder.

Background And Aims: Compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) has been included as an impulse control disorder in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). However, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying CSBD remain largely unknown, and given previous indications of addiction-like mechanisms at play, the aim of the present study was to investigate if CSBD is associated with structural brain differences in regions involved in reward processing.

Methods: We analyzed structural MRI data of 22 male CSBD patients (mean = 38.

Androgen receptor polymorphism, testosterone levels, and prognosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Aims: Low testosterone has been associated with cardiovascular disease in men but with contradictory findings. Testosterone bind to the androgen receptor and polymorphisms of the receptor gene such as CAG repeat length may affect transcriptional activity, possibly mitigating testosterone effects. The aims were to study the CAG repeat length and testosterone levels at four time points following a myocardial infarction (MI) and to analyse possible relationships between CAG repeat length and cardiovascular prognosis.

Neural and behavioral correlates of sexual stimuli anticipation point to addiction-like mechanisms in compulsive sexual behavior disorder.

Background And Aims: Compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) is characterized by persistent patterns of failure to control sexual impulses resulting in repetitive sexual behavior, pursued despite adverse consequences. Despite previous indications of addiction-like mechanisms and the recent impulse-control disorder classification in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), the neurobiological processes underlying CSBD are unknown.

Methods: We designed and applied a behavioral paradigm aimed at disentangling processes related to anticipation and viewing of erotic stimuli.

Pharmacological Treatment for Pedophilic Disorder and Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder: A Review.

Guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of paraphilic disorders have historically been based on data from forensic settings and on risk levels for sexual crime. However, emerging treatment options are being evaluated for individuals experiencing distress because of their sexual urges and preferences, targeting both paraphilic disorders such as pedophilic disorder (PeD) and the new diagnosis of compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) included in the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision (ICD-11). As in other mental disorders, this may enable individualized pharmacological treatment plans, taking into account components of sexuality (e.

HPA axis dysregulation is associated with differential methylation of CpG-sites in related genes.

DNA methylation shifts in Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis related genes is reported in psychiatric disorders including hypersexual disorder. This study, comprising 20 dexamethasone suppression test (DST) non-suppressors and 73 controls, examined the association between the HPA axis dysregulation, shifts in DNA methylation of HPA axis related genes and importantly, gene expression. Individuals with cortisol level ≥ 138 nmol/l, after the low dose (0.

Recommendations on the diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of testosterone deficiency in men.

The relative proportional increase of the elderly population within many countries will become one of the most significant social transformations of the twenty-first century and, for the first time in history, persons aged 65 or above outnumbered children under five years of age globally. One in four persons living in Europe and Northern America will be aged 65 or over. One of the goals of ISSAM is to raise awareness of the special health needs of older men.

Reaching Men and Women at Risk of Committing Sexual Offences - Findings From the National Swedish Telephone Helpline PrevenTell.

Background: In 2012 the Swedish Helpline project PrevenTell, targeting men and women with self-identified out-of-control and paraphilic sexual behavior, was launched by ANOVA, Karolinska University Hospital. The overall purpose was to reach the target group and via a telephone-contact encourage further on-site assessment and treatment.

Aim: To describe men and women contacting PrevenTell during the first 7 years by delineate sexuality-related risk-factors for sexual violence, gender differences, and age- and gender-preferences when reporting a pedophilic interest.

Sperm quality in transgender women before or after gender affirming hormone therapy-A prospective cohort study.

Background: Due to recent changes in the legal framework, access to fertility preservation (FP) for transgender individuals has opened up in several countries. In Sweden and the Nordic countries, fertility preservation for medical reasons is fully reimbursed as part of the established tax-funded healthcare services. As this issue is relatively new, procedures for FP have seldom been reported in the transgender patient population.

Internet-Administered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Hypersexual Disorder, With or Without Paraphilia(s) or Paraphilic Disorder(s) in Men: A Pilot Study.

Background: Hypersexual disorder (HD) is a condition in which the individual experiences loss of control over engagement in sexual behaviors, leading to negative effects on various areas of life. Paraphilias often present concomitantly with HD, and although cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has been proven to reduce engagement in hypersexual behavior, no studies have investigated the effects of Internet-administered CBT (ICBT) on HD, with or without paraphilia(s) or paraphilic disorder(s).

Aim: To investigate the effects of Internet-administered CBT on HD, with or without paraphilia(s) or paraphilic disorder(s).

Naltrexone in Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder: A Feasibility Study of Twenty Men.

Background: Compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) is a common disorder affecting different areas of life, although studies focusing on pharmacological treatment are sparse.

Aim: To investigate whether the opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone is feasible and tolerable and can provide symptom reduction in CSBD.

Methods: Twenty men aged 27-60 years (mean = 38.

Effect of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Antagonist on Risk of Committing Child Sexual Abuse in Men With Pedophilic Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Evidence-based treatments from randomized clinical trials for pedophilic disorder are lacking.

Objective: To determine whether a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist reduces dynamic risk factors for committing child sexual abuse.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This academically initiated, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, phase 2 randomized clinical trial was conducted at the ANOVA center in Stockholm, Sweden, from March 1, 2016, to April 30, 2019.

Placebo Responses Among Men With Erectile Dysfunction Enrolled in Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitor Trials: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Importance: Placebo responses in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) are poorly described in the literature to date.

Objective: To quantify the association of placebo with ED outcomes among men enrolled in placebo-controlled, phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor (PDE5I) trials.

Data Sources: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, a database search was conducted to identify double-blind, placebo-controlled studies using PDE5Is for the treatment of ED published from January 1, 1998, to December 31, 2018, within MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science.

Normal Testosterone but Higher Luteinizing Hormone Plasma Levels in Men With Hypersexual Disorder.

Introduction: Hypersexual disorder as suggested to be included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 integrates aspects of sexual desire deregulation, impulsivity, and compulsivity. However, it is unknown how it affects gonadal activity and the function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels in hypersexual men compared with healthy controls.

Muscle Strength, Size, and Composition Following 12 Months of Gender-affirming Treatment in Transgender Individuals.

Context: As many sports are divided in male/female categories, governing bodies have formed regulations on the eligibility for transgender individuals to compete in these categories. Yet, the magnitude of change in muscle mass and strength with gender-affirming treatment remains insufficiently explored.

Objective: This study explored the effects of gender-affirming treatment on muscle function, size, and composition during 12 months of therapy.

Vibrator-Assisted Start-Stop Exercises Improve Premature Ejaculation Symptoms: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Premature ejaculation (PE) is associated with decreased quality of life, lower confidence and self-esteem, and higher levels of depression, anxiety, and interpersonal difficulties. Here we investigated the effectiveness of vibrator-assisted start-stop exercises for treatment of PE, and whether the treatment effect could be enhanced by an additional psychobehavioral intervention. Fifty participants with a mean age of 41.