Revising Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy towards brain cancer detection.

Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy are being widely applied as sensor-based techniques in oncology, particularly in the diagnosis of brain cancers and their subtypes. Overtime, these techniques have become more sensitive; and, accuracies of over 90% have been observed in several studies. This is indication of their potential for clinical implementation.

Raman hyperspectral imaging coupled to three-dimensional discriminant analysis: Classification of meningiomas brain tumour grades.

Meningiomas remains a clinical dilemma. They are the commonest "benign" types of brain tumours and, although being typically benign, they are divided into three WHO grades categories (I, II and III) which are associated with the tumour growth rate and likelihood of recurrence. Recurrence depends on extend of surgery as well as histopathological diagnosis.

The clinical application of rhBMP-7 for the reconstruction of alveolar cleft.

In this study, radiographic assessment was performed to find out the effectiveness of bone regeneration following the application of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 7 (rhBMP-7) for the reconstruction of alveolar cleft defects in 11 cases: nine unilateral and two bilateral alveolar clefs. Reconstruction of the alveolar cleft was performed by using 3.5 mg of rhBMP-7 (Osigraft OP1) on a type I collagen carrier.

Multi-view stereophotogrammetry for post-mastectomy breast reconstruction.

A multi-view three-dimensional stereophotogrammetry system was developed to capture 3D shape of breasts for breast cancer patients. The patients had received immediate unilateral breast reconstruction after mastectomy by the extended latissimus dorsi flap and without contralateral surgery. In order to capture the whole breast shape including the inframammary fold, the patients were introduced to the imaging room and leaned over the imaging rig to open up the inframammary fold and to expose the entire area of each breast.

The importance of the pose in three-dimensional imaging of the ptotic breast.

Introduction: 3D imaging of the breast has recently emerged as a new method for objective breast assessment. However in the ptotic breast shape, which is seen in the majority of cases, the sub-mammary fold remains obscured when the breast is captured in an upright body posture.

Method: A self-designed positioning frame for 3D breast capture was utilized as a safe positioning aide.

Subjective versus objective assessment of breast reconstruction.

Background: To date breast assessment has been conducted mainly subjectively. However lately validated objective three-dimensional (3D) imaging was developed. The study aimed to assess breast reconstruction subjectively and objectively and conduct a comparison.

Cleft lip and palate in Scotland: a survey.

The aim of the survey was to assess midwives' experiences and knowledge of cleft lip and/or palate (CL+/-P), confidence in supporting the families and giving feeding advice, and to identify areas for input from the cleft team. In order to do so, questionnaires were sent to maternity units across Scotland. The results were as follows: 206 questionnaires were returned (42 per cent response rate).

Investigation into variation and errors of a three-dimensional breast imaging system using multiple stereo cameras.

Background: Errors derive from the variability seen in the repeat volume measurements for a particular individual. The aim of this study was to evaluate the variation and errors of a three-dimensional (3D) multiple stereo camera system for objective breast assessment. It was also investigated whether there was any correlation between these errors and the size of the breast.

Objective evaluation of the latissimus dorsi flap for breast reconstruction using three-dimensional imaging.

Background: The latissimus dorsi muscle flap is a common method for the reconstruction of the breast following mastectomy. The study aimed to assess the quality of this reconstruction using a three-dimensional (3D) imaging method. The null hypothesis was that there was no difference in volume between the reconstructed breast and the opposite side.

Investigation into accuracy and reproducibility of a 3D breast imaging system using multiple stereo cameras.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity of a three-dimensional (3D) multiple stereo camera system for objective breast assessment.

Methods: A multiple stereo camera system, which consisted of four pods and eight cameras, two cameras on each pod, developed by Glasgow University, was used. Nine specially shaped plaster breast models were captured once, 3Dmodels were constructed and the volume of each plaster model was measured 10 times by the breast analysis tool (BAT) software.

Cleft lip/palate: incidence of prenatal diagnosis in Glasgow, Scotland, and comparison with other centers in the United Kingdom.

Objectives: To determine the proportion of children with cleft lip and/or cleft palate diagnosed prenatally between 1999 and 2008 in those referred for treatment to the Royal Hospital for Sick Children in Glasgow, Scotland (RHSC); and to compare the percentage prenatally diagnosed in 2008 versus other cleft treatment centers in the U.K.

Method: A retrospective study was performed using medical records of the 459 cleft patients born and referred to RHSC between 1999 and 2008.

Three-dimensional assessment of early surgical outcome in repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate: Part 2. Lip changes.

Objective: To evaluate three-dimensional lip morphology, following primary reconstruction in children with unilateral cleft lip and palate relative to contemporaneous noncleft data.

Design: Prospective, cross-sectional, controlled study.

Setting: Glasgow Dental Hospital and School, University of Glasgow, U.

Three-dimensional assessment of early surgical outcome in repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate: Part 1. Nasal changes.

Objective: To evaluate three-dimensional nasal morphology following primary reconstruction in children with unilateral cleft lip and palate relative to contemporaneous noncleft data.

Design: Prospective, cross-sectional, controlled study.

Setting: Glasgow Dental Hospital and School, Faculty of Medicine, Glasgow University.

Facial symmetry in unilateral cleft lip and palate following alar base augmentation with bone graft: a three-dimensional assessment.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of bone grafting using a corticocancellous block of iliac crest to reconstruct the support for the deformed, volume-deficient alar base in treated patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). The main outcome being measured was nasal symmetry.

Design: This was a prospective study using a noninvasive three-dimensional stereophotogrammetry system (C3D) to assess the position of the alar base.

Three-dimensional facial characteristics of Caucasian infants without cleft and correlation with body measurements.

Objective: The aim of this study was to characterize the soft tissue facial features of infants without cleft and to report on the correlation between these with weight, length, and head circumference.

Design: This was a prospective study using a noninvasive three-dimensional (3D) stereophotogrammetry (C3D) system to capture the images of the participants. Landmarks were identified on the 3D facial images.

Dorsal urethral fistula: case report and review of literature.

Urethral fistula is a rare, but recognized, entity. We report the case of a young diabetic patient who developed urethral fistula on the dorsum of penis after debridement for necrotizing fasciitis. This cause and location for urethral fistula is extremely rare, and we were unable to find a similar case in published studies.

A sample method of measuring bone graft volume, technical note.

A simple method of measuring the volume of cortico-cancellous bone grafts is described. The method is quick and reliable. Only materials readily available in the operation theatre are used.