Scoring System to Personalize Management of Emphysematous Pyelonephritis.

Objective: Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is a life-threatening condition that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. The prognosis of EPN is variable, and there is no single treatment that is universally effective.

Materials And Methods: In this study, we developed a scoring system to predict the prognosis of EPN and to guide management.

Management Modalities of Primary Bladder Neck Obstruction in Young Adult Men: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objective: This systematic review was done to critically appraise the various evidence available in the literature for the presenting symptoms, diagnosis, and management modalities for primary bladder neck obstruction diagnosed on invasive urodynamics in young adult men 18-50 years of age.

Methods: A search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases until July 2022 to find English-language studies relevant to the topic.

Results: A total of 10 studies were included.

Spatial assessment and chemical characterization of degraded (salt-affected) soils at post-reclamation stage of the Indo-Gangetic Plain in Haryana State.

Dynamics of soil salinity and sodicity is a common feature driven by anthropogenic causes such as soil reclamation, the effect of extreme climate events, disturbed salt, and water balance in irrigated areas that are devoid of any good quality groundwater source and adequate natural surface drainage condition in a semiarid climatic region. Periodic soil salinity assessment is therefore vital to know the current soil salinity status, plan reclamation, and/or management strategies for sustained agricultural growth and livelihood security. Temporal studies using Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) LISS III data, at pre- (1997) and post-reclamation (2017) stages have indicated spatial changes as reclaimed areas (~ 35%) and dynamics of soil salinity as increased areas (~ 61%) under irrigation across the Gangetic plain of Haryana State.

Metabolic evaluation of first-time uncomplicated renal stone formers: A prospective study.

Background: Nephrolithiasis is a global health problem. The recurrence rate after the first stone clearance is approximately 50% at 5 years. Metabolic abnormalities are an important factor responsible for stone recurrence.

Interruption of BCG Therapy for NMIBC During COVID-19 Crisis, Dilemma in Its Continuation: a Review of Available Evidence and Suggested Management Strategies.

Unlabelled: The COVID-19 disease, caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus, has been one of the worst pandemics ever to hit the human mankind. Undoubtedly the start of the second wave of COVID-19 has literally ripped apart the hearts of millions of people. Cancer patients have been left of the beaten track to their fate, with no access to treatments.

Urodynamics in the evaluation of lower urinary tract symptoms in young adult men: A systematic review.

Introduction: This review aims to systematically evaluate the available evidence on the different urodynamic diagnoses of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in young adult men aged 18-50 years and to summarize the various urodynamic parameters based on these diagnoses.

Methods: This systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis statement and the search was performed in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library from inception till September 2021. A total of 295 records were identified using a combination of keywords such as LUTS, urodynamics (UDS), and young males.

A Clinicopathological Correlation of Bladder Cancer in Young and Old Patients: Our Experience and Review of Literature.

To compare the clinical, cystoscopic, and pathological characteristics of bladder cancer in patients younger than 40 years of age and those of patients older than 40 years of age. We conducted a prospective observational study at our department from September 2019 to February 2021 to compare the clinico-pathological characteristics of young and old patients with biopsy proven bladder cancer after a transurethral resection of bladder tumour. The patients were managed according to standard guidelines.

Soil degradations in the IGP of central Haryana, India-a spatial assessment for reclamation and management.

Natural and anthropogenic processes are primary drivers for soil degradations in the Gangetic plain of India. Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) data was used to assess soil degradations and study spatial changes comparing with the legacy datasets. Based on the nature, extent, and degrees of limitations, these soils were evaluated to suggest suitable reclamation and management options.

Small contracted bladders posing bigger problems: Etiology, presentation, and management and a short review of literature.

The purpose of this study was to assess various etiologies, diagnosis and management. This rare entity is a neglected condition which should always be under clinical suspicion by broad speciality of practitioners for early treatment. Retrospective data collected from 2018 to 2021 in the All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh was used.

A nationwide cross-sectional study to assess the impact of COVID-19 on surgical residency programs in India.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic with its plenitude of hardships has been a challenge for residents in training. Besides the fear of contracting the disease, the complete reconfiguration of hospital services has severely affected the surgical residency programs across India. The current study highlights the lacunae that have arisen in the residency programs and design appropriate solutions to reframe the remaining part of the surgical training.

Efficacy and Safety of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: Outcomes from a Tertiary Care Center.

The management of renal stone disease in the presence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a challenging scenario, both in terms of surgical safety and perioperative outcomes. The aim of the present study is to study the efficacy, safety, and outcomes of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in patients with CKD. A prospective study was conducted including adult patients with renal stone disease and a creatinine clearance of <90 mL/min (Stage 2 CKD or more) who underwent PCNL.

'Pee'BuSt Trial: A single-centre prospective randomized study comparing functional and anatomic outcomes after augmentation urethroplasty with penile skin graft versus buccal mucosa graft for anterior urethral stricture disease.

Purpose: To assess the surgical outcomes of augmentation urethroplasty (AU) using penile skin graft (PSG) compared to buccal mucosa graft (BMG) in anterior urethral stricture disease.

Method: Between January 2018 and January 2019, 100 patients with anterior urethral stricture planned for AU were randomized into PSG or BMG arms (CTRI/2018/07/015028). Anatomic and functional variables were compared pre-operatively and post-operatively.

Laser epilation of luminal hair following skin graft urethroplasty for hypospadias: the hair snare.

A 66-year-old man, who underwent urethral reconstruction using skin grafts for hypospadias five decades earlier as a 13-year-old child, presented with burning micturition and recurrent UTI. A retrograde urethrogram along with micturating cystourethrogram revealed a bulbar urethral stricture and broad neck distal penile urethral diverticulum. On a cystourethroscopic examination, a urethral diverticulum was seen just proximal to the hypospadiac external urethral meatus with 12-15 hair follicles inside the diverticulum and a 1 cm long mid-bulbar stricture.

Mixed Mott-Hubbard and charge transfer nature of 4H-SrMnOthin film on Si (100).

Room temperature electronic structure of polycrystalline 4H-SrMnOthin film grown on Si (100) substrate has been studied using resonance photo emission spectroscopy and soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements. Presence of charge transfer screen Mn 3final state along with the 3final state at the valence band edge of 4H-SrMnOthin film confirms that the ground state is strongly mixed between Mn 3and O 2states. The estimated equivalent values of on-site Coulomb interaction energy () and O 2to Mn 3- charge transfer energy (Δ) (≈ Δ ≈ 4.

Neoadjuvant Therapy for Cisplatin Ineligible Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Patients: A Review of Available Evidence.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical cystectomy is the standard of care for muscle invasive non-metastatic bladder cancer patients. While cisplatin based neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been recommended, systemic therapy in a neoadjuvant setting for cisplatin ineligible patients still needs to be addressed. Various strategies like split dosing cisplatin chemotherapy, carboplatin based chemotherapy and taxanes based chemotherapy have been tried as neoadjuvant therapy for cisplatin ineligible patients.

Does Miniaturization Actually Decrease Bleeding After Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy? A Single-Center Randomized Trial.

Miniaturization of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mPCNL) was proposed to decrease postoperative bleeding, as there is decreased parenchymal injury compared with standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy (SPCNL). Published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating bleeding after mPCNL have shown conflicting results. Hence, the evidence to say that mPCNL offers less postoperative bleeding is not robust.

Synchronous retroperitoneal Castleman's disease with clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Castleman's disease is a rare non-clonal lymphoproliferative disorder and known to be associated with a number of disorders such as polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal protein and skin changes syndrome, Kaposi sarcoma, paraneoplastic pemphigus and plasma cell dyscrasias. The association of Castleman's disease with epithelial malignancy is not clear and limited to few case reports. We describe a case of synchronous Castleman's disease with renal cell carcinoma in a 53-year-old woman.

IgG4-related Retroperitoneal Fibrosis: An Emerging Masquerader With a Sinister Presentation.

Objective: Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) is a rare proliferative fibro-inflammatory disease involving the soft tissues of the retroperitoneum. IgG4 related retroperitoneal fibrosis is an emerging entity which needs to be distinguished from idiopathic RPF. We describe a clinical case of IgG4 related RPF highlighting the importance of clinching this diagnosis.

Somatic Mutations Profile of a Young Patient With Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma Reveals Mutations in Genes Involved in Ion Channels.

Urothelial carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the bladder and is primarily considered as a disease of the elderly. Studies that address bladder tumor occurrence in young age groups are rare. A 19-year-old male presented with a gross total painless hematuria.

Efficacy and safety of programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death ligand-1 inhibitors in advanced urothelial malignancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-1/PDL-1) inhibitors are the newest class of approved drugs for advanced urothelial cancer (AdUC). This review aims to collate the evidence for their efficacy and safety in various treatment settings.

Methods: Extensive search of databases was performed (updated May 2018) and the protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42017081568).

Efficacy of tamsulosin and tadalafil in relieving benign prostatic hyperplasia related symptoms: A randomized double blind placebo controlled cross-over study.

Introduction: Tadalafil and Tamsulosin have both been approved for use in the management of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). This study compared the differential effects of these two on BPH-LUTS using a cross over study design.

Methods: Men ≥45 years of age, with an International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) ≥8 due to BPH-LUTS were included.

Bipolar Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor Provides Better Tissue for Histopathology But Has No Superior Efficacy and Safety: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background And Purpose: Bipolar transurethral resection of bladder tumors (TURBTs) has been claimed to have lesser complications and better specimen quality, but recent studies have contradictory results, and hence, we conducted this study to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of monopolar and bipolar electrosurgical modalities in TURBTs.

Materials And Methods: A total of 287 patients were enrolled in the study and underwent TURBTs between July 2015 and September 2016. Patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia and restage procedure were excluded from the study.

Utility of restage transurethral resection of bladder tumor.

Introduction: Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) aims at complete resection of all the visible tumors. Existing guidelines recommend restage TURBT in all patients with T1 and high-grade tumors, to avoid under-staging. However, restage TURBT may not be plausible/feasible at all the times.