Peptidase inhibitor 16 identifies a human regulatory T-cell subset with reduced FOXP3 expression over the first year of recent onset type 1 diabetes.

CD4 T-cell subsets play a major role in the host response to infection, and a healthy immune system requires a fine balance between reactivity and tolerance. This balance is in part maintained by regulatory T cells (Treg), which promote tolerance, and loss of immune tolerance contributes to autoimmunity. As the T cells which drive immunity are diverse, identifying and understanding how these subsets function requires specific biomarkers.

Corrosion resistance and in vitro response of laser-deposited Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta alloys for orthopedic implant applications.

While direct metal deposition of metallic powders, via laser deposition, to form near-net shape orthopedic implants is an upcoming and highly promising technology, the corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of such novel metallic biomaterials is relatively unknown and warrants careful investigation. This article presents the results of some initial studies on the corrosion resistance and in vitro response of laser-deposited Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta alloys. These new generation beta titanium alloys are promising due to their low elastic modulus as well as due the fact that they comprise of completely biocompatible alloying elements.

Bioactivity and mineralization of hydroxyapatite with bioglass as sintering aid and bioceramics with NaCa(PO) and Ca(PO)SiO in a silicate matrix.

Hydroxyapatite and Bioglass-45S5 were sintered together creating new ceramic compositions that yielded increased apatite deposition and osteoblast differentiation and proliferation in vitro compared to hydroxyapatite. The sintered products characterized by X-ray diffraction, revealed hydroxyapatite as the main phase when small quantities (1, 2.5 and 5wt.

Reproducibility of intravascular ultrasound virtual histology analysis.

Objective: Intravascular ultrasound with virtual histology analysis (IVUS-VH) is a novel technology which allows for the identification of discrete atherosclerotic plaque components using radiofrequency backscatter data. Whether the composition of these plaques can be monitored accurately in a longitudinal fashion remains unclear. We sought to evaluate the reproducibility of plaque composition measurements as determined by IVUS-VH in a clinical setting.

A review of materials, fabrication methods, and strategies used to enhance bone regeneration in engineered bone tissues.

Over the last decade, bone engineered tissues have been developed as alternatives to autografts and allografts to repair and reconstruct bone defects. This article provides a review of the current technologies in bone tissue engineering. Factors used for fabrication of three-dimensional bone scaffolds such as materials, cells, and biomolecular signals, as well as required properties for ideal bone scaffolds, are reviewed.