Prediabetes and cardiovascular risk factors: the effectiveness of a guided self-determination counselling approach in primary health care, a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Identify individuals who are at risk of Type 2 diabetes, who also are at a greater risk of developing cardiovascular disease is important. The rapid worldwide increase in diabetes prevalence call for Primary Health Care to find feasible prevention strategies, to reduce patient risk factors and promote lifestyle changes. Aim of this randomized controlled trial was to investigate how a nurse-lead Guided Self-Determination counselling approach can assist people at risk of type 2 diabetes to lower their coronary heart disease risk.

When great responsibility comes with limited options: experiences and needs of older community-dwelling adults regarding accessing, understanding, appraising and using health-related information.

Background: In previous research, older adults have been associated with reduced levels of health literacy (HL) influenced by a range of contextual factors. To optimise HL, it is essential to better understand the interactions between the ageing process and both personal and environmental factors as perceived by older adults. This study aimed to explore the experiences and needs of older community-dwelling adults when accessing, understanding, appraising and using health-related information.

Can Waist-to-Height Ratio and Health Literacy Be Used in Primary Care for Prioritizing Further Assessment of People at T2DM Risk?

Background: To identify people at risk of type 2 diabetes. Primary health care needs efficient and noninvasive screening tools to detect individuals in need of follow-up to promote health and well-being. Previous research has shown people with lower levels of health literacy and/or well-being scores are vulnerable but may benefit from intervention and follow-up care.

Using HbA1c measurements and the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score to identify undiagnosed individuals and those at risk of diabetes in primary care.

Background: Prevalence of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing worldwide. The objective of this study was to determine the proportion of people in Northern Iceland with prediabetes, at risk of developing T2DM or with manifest undiagnosed T2DM, as this information is lacking in Iceland.

Methods: A cross-sectional study.

Basic mobility, accidental falls, and lifetime physical activity among rural and urban community-dwelling older adults: a population-based study in Northern Iceland.

The objective of this research was to investigate late-life physical functioning and lifetime history of physical activity (PA) among older adults in rural and urban Arctic communities. Data was collected in a cross-sectional, population-based study among 65 to 92-year-old community-dwelling Icelanders (N = 175, 41% ≥75-year-old, 43% women, 40% rural). Late-life physical functioning was operationalised as: basic mobility (Timed Up and Go in seconds, TUG); fall risk (TUG≥12 sec); a fall (≥1 fall/year); and recurrent falls (≥2 falls/year).

Making Europe health literate: including older adults in sparsely populated Arctic areas.

Background: Older people have been identified as having lower health literacy (HL) than the general population average. Living in sparsely populated Arctic regions involves unique health challenges that may influence HL. The research aim was to explore the level of HL, its problematic dimensions, and its association with the selection of contextual factors among older adults living in sparsely populated areas in Northern Iceland.

A year of Covid-19: experiences and lessons learnt by small European island states-Cyprus, Iceland and Malta.

Background: COVID-19 became a global pandemic within weeks, as every country including small states and islands experienced a surge in cases. Small islands are known to face several challenges in the quest to curb the viral spread, but with the absence of land boarders and small population size, these factors should have played to their advantage to minimize the spread. The aim of this article was to compare and contrast the COVID-19 situation, restrictions, preparedness, management and the healthcare systems between the small population island states of Cyprus, Iceland and Malta.

Components for providing person-centred palliative healthcare: An umbrella review.

Background: Person-centred palliative healthcare is an important approach to maintaining and improving patients' quality of life living with a chronic non-communicable disease and their partners. Such an approach can reduce unnecessary hospitalisation, holistically address the patient and their partners' needs, and help develop an advance care plan.

Objectives: Assess, analyse, and synthesise the currently existing international guidelines for providing person-centred palliative care and identify the key components for providing a high-quality approach.

Use of psychiatric medication in three Arctic nursing homes: association with dementia and psychiatric symptoms.

As more people reaches advanced age, more people experience cognitive impairment and dementia. Dementia is a degenerative disease in which behavioural and psychological symptoms frequently occur, resulting in admissions to nursing homes (NHs), where the most common treatment has been medical treatment. The aim was to compare three rural Arctic NHs in Iceland in their use of psychiatric medication, type of dementia among residents, level of cognitive impairment and selected quality indicators, as well as considering national data, for the period 2016-2018.

Mapping the burden of diabetes in five small countries in Europe and setting the agenda for health policy and strategic action.

Background: Diabetes is a global epidemic affecting every country. Small countries, however, face distinctive challenges related to their health system governance and their ability to implement effective health systems' reforms. The aim of this research was to perform a comparative assessment of existing diabetes management practices at the population level and explore governmental-related policy for Cyprus, Iceland, Luxembourg, Malta and Montenegro.

Young adults with type 1 diabetes and their experiences with diabetes follow-up and participation in the DiaPROM pilot trial: A qualitative study.

Aim: To explore young adults' experiences of outpatient follow-up appointments, completing electronic Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs), and using the Problem Areas In Diabetes (PAID) scale during the Diabetes Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (DiaPROM) pilot trial.

Methods: We performed a qualitative study among 19 young adults (aged 22-39 years) with type 1 diabetes who participated in the pilot trial. Between February and June 2019, we conducted individual, semi-structured telephone interviews with participants from the intervention and control arms.

Hypoglycaemia in older home-dwelling people with diabetes- a scoping review.

Background: Hypoglycaemia is associated with cognitive and functional decline in older people with diabetes. Identification of individuals at risk and prevention of hypoglycaemia is therefore an important task in the management of diabetes in older home-dwelling individuals. The purpose of this scoping review was to map the literature on hypoglycaemia in home-dwelling older people with diabetes.

WITHDRAWN: Dealing with COVID-19 in small European island states: Cyprus, Iceland and Malta.

This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.

Instruments for Patient Education: Psychometric Evaluation of the Expected Knowledge (EKhp) and the Received Knowledge of Hospital Patients (RKhp).

Purpose: In patient education, there is a need for valid and reliable instruments to assess and tailor empowering educational activities. In this study, we summarize the process of producing two parallel instruments for analyzing hospital patients' expectations (Expected Knowledge of Hospital Patients, EKhp) and received knowledge (Received Knowledge of Hospital Patients, RKhp) and evaluate the psychometrics of the instruments based on international data. In the instruments, six elements of empowering knowledge are included (bio-physiological, functional, experiential, ethical, social, and financial).

[Physical activity and depression among older community-dwelling adults in urban and rural areas: Population based study].

Introduction: The aim was to explore physical activity (PA) in different daily contexts, among older adults in Northern Iceland; and by urban-rural living, age-group and sex. Moreover, to study the association between PA and depression.

Material And Methods: The study was cross-sectional, population based and data was collected in 2017-'18 in Northern Iceland.

Emotions of Orthopaedic Arthroplasty Patients: A European Survey.

Methods: This was a pre/post-observational study examining patients' emotions before and during elective knee or hip replacement surgery for osteoarthritis in seven European Union countries to identify factors related to better emotional status at discharge.

Instruments: In addition to demographic data, information was collected on quality of life (EuroQoL five-dimension questionnaire), hospital expectations (Knowledge Expectations of Hospital Patients Scale), symptoms, and experienced emotions.

Analysis: Total negative emotions scores at baseline and discharge were transformed into median values.

A Digital Lifestyle Program in Outpatient Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Study.

Background: Lifestyle is important in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study's aim was to investigate whether a healthy-lifestyle-supporting smartphone application could affect treatment outcomes at an endocrinology outpatient clinic.

Methods: Consecutively invited patients were randomly assigned to an intervention or control group after age and gender stratification.

Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire, HLS-EU-Q16: the Icelandic version.

Background: Health literacy (HL) is defined as the knowledge and competences of people to meet the complex demands of health in modern society. It is an important factor in ensuring positive health outcomes, yet Iceland is one of many countries with limited knowledge of HL and no valid HL measurement. The aim of this study was to translate the European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire- short version (HLS-EU-Q16) into Icelandic, adapt the version, explore its psychometric properties and establish preliminary norms.

Self-rated health and socio-economic status among older adults in Northern Iceland.

Little is known about self-rated health (SRH) of older people living in more remote and Arctic areas. Iceland is a high-income country with one of the lowest rates of income inequality in the world, which may influence SRH. The research aim was to study factors affecting SRH, in such a population living in Northern Iceland.

[Health and survival in Icelandic nursing homes 2003 - 2014, before and after the setting of stricter criteria for nursing home admission in December 2007].

Introduction: Many factors influence the nursing needs and survival of nursing home residents, including the admission criteria. The aim of the study was to compare health, survival and predictors for one- and two-year survival of people entering Icelandic nursing homes between 2003-2007 and 2008-2014.

Material And Methods: Retrospective, descriptive, comparative study.

[Prevalence of Poor Sleep Quality and Sleep Disturbances in Icelanders with Multiple Sclerosis].

Background: Sleep disturbances are common, underdiagnosed and have negative consequences for people with multiple -sclerosis.

Objective: Gather information about the prevalence of poor sleep quality and sleep disturbances in Icelanders with multiple -sclerosis.

Method: A cross-sectional self-report survey.

The psychosocial self-efficacy in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

Aim: To analyse psychosocial self-efficacy in adolescents with type 1 diabetes, evaluate associations between self-efficacy and metabolic control and background variables and determine psychometric properties of the Finnish Diabetes Empowerment Scale (Fin-DES-28).

Design: A descriptive correlational survey.

Methods: The data were collected with the Finnish Diabetes Empowerment Scale from 13-16-year-old adolescents with type 1 diabetes ( = 189, 34%) in one university hospital district area in 2014.

Integrative review: Patient safety among older people with diabetes in home care services.

Aims: To identify diabetes specific patient safety domains that need to be addressed to improve home care of older people; to assess research from primary studies to review evidence on patient safety in home care services for older people with diabetes.

Design: An integrative review.

Data Sources: Domains for patient safety in diabetes home care settings were identified by conducting two searches.

[Diabetes is a challenge: A ten year follow up of people with diabetes].

Introduction: Diabetes is a chronic disease often with serious and costly complications. Therefore well organised diabetes care is needed. The purpose was to research outcome of treatment on biological parameters in people with type one and two diabetes in one primary care over ten years and compare with international guidelines.

Perceived consequences, changeability and personal control of coronary heart disease are associated with health-related quality of life.

Aims And Objectives: To explore changes in illness perception and health-related quality of life in patients with coronary heart disease following percutaneous coronary intervention from the time when patients were discharged from hospital and five months later and to investigate association between illness perception and physical and mental health-related quality of life at five-month follow-up.

Background: Illness perception is known to influence patients' motivation to engage in preventive behaviour.

Design: Prospective and comparative with two measurement points: at discharge from hospital (time 1) and five months later (time 2).