Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)
October 2023
A comprehensive review was conducted to compile the contributions of Mary B. Dratman and studies by other researchers in the field of nongenomic actions of thyroid hormones in adult mammalian brain. Dratman and her collaborators authored roughly half of the papers in this area.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFApplication of antibiotics to combat bacterial diseases in fish has been criticized due to likely emergence of drug resistance. Therefore, investigation of new bioactive compounds from natural sources has been taken into account. This study was designed to purify and characterize the bioactive compound in the cell free supernatant (CFSs) of autochthonous gut bacteria (Bacillus methylotrophicus KU556164, B.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe detection of a brain tumor and its classification from modern imaging modalities is a primary concern, but a time-consuming and tedious work was performed by radiologists or clinical supervisors. The accuracy of detection and classification of tumor stages performed by radiologists is depended on their experience only, so the computer-aided technology is very important to aid with the diagnosis accuracy. In this study, to improve the performance of tumor detection, we investigated comparative approach of different segmentation techniques and selected the best one by comparing their segmentation score.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFActa Microbiol Immunol Hung
December 2017
Quorum sensing (QS) is the chemical communication processes between bacteria, which may be inter-genus or intra-genus. In general, several physiological functions, such as nutrient uptake, competence development, biofilm formation, sporulation, and toxin secretion, are accomplished through QS process. The QS (cell density-dependent process) circuit in Gram-positive bacteria consists mainly of two parts: an inducer molecule and a receptor protein.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe demand of enzymes in industrial sectors is increasing rapidly due to their economical and ecological advantages. Micro-organisms produce different types of extracellular enzymes for maintaining their own metabolism, defense, and normal physiological condition. Among several enzymes, proteases have gained special attention in industrial sectors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDiseases in aquatic organisms, including fish, are a major concern in aquaculture production. In this present investigation, we have evaluated the beneficial effects of dietary Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CCF7 (GenBank Acc. No.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe segmentation, detection, and extraction of infected tumor area from magnetic resonance (MR) images are a primary concern but a tedious and time taking task performed by radiologists or clinical experts, and their accuracy depends on their experience only. So, the use of computer aided technology becomes very necessary to overcome these limitations. In this study, to improve the performance and reduce the complexity involves in the medical image segmentation process, we have investigated Berkeley wavelet transformation (BWT) based brain tumor segmentation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFish are always susceptible to a variety of lethal diseases caused by different types of bacterial, fungal, viral and parasitic agents. The unscientific management practises such as, over feeding, high stock densities and destructive fishing techniques increase the probability of disease symptoms in aquaculture industries. According to Food and Agriculture Association (FAO), each and every year several countries such as China, India, Norway, Indonesia, etc.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn the present investigation, probiotic potential (antagonistic activity, enzyme production, hemolytic activity, biosafety, antibiotic sensitivity and bile tolerance level) of Bacillus subtilis LR1 was evaluated. Bacteriocin produced by the bacterial strain B. subtilis LR1 isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of Labeo rohita was purified and characterized.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn this study, a total of 121 bacterial strains were isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of four teleostean species, namely striped snakehead (Channa striatus), striped dwarf catfish (Mystus vittatus), orangefin labeo (Labeo calbasu) and mrigal carp (Cirrhinus mrigala), among which 8 isolates showed promising antibacterial activity against four potential fish pathogens, Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas salmonicida, Aeromonas sobria and Pseudomonas fluorescens and were non-hemolytic. The isolates were further screened in response to fish bile tolerance and extracellular digestive enzyme activity. Two bacterial strains MVF1 and MVH7 showed highest tolerance and extracellular enzymes activities, and selected for further studies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCell-cell interaction or quorum sensing (QS) is a vital biochemical/physiological process in bacteria that is required for various physiological functions, including nutrient uptake, competence development, biofilm formation, sporulation, as well as for toxin secretion. In natural environment, bacteria live in close association with other bacteria and interaction among them is crucial for survival. The QS-regulated gene expression in bacteria is a cell density-dependent process and the initiation process depends on the threshold level of the signaling molecule, N-acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe management of blunt chest trauma is evolving. This article discusses the soft tissue injuries associated with blunt chest trauma.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe management of blunt chest trauma is an evolving concept with no clear current guidelines. This article explores the bony injuries associated with this, focusing on rib fractures and flail segments and the themes around investigation and best management.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFScanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to define the location of epithelium-associated bacteria in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of two Indian air-breathing fish, the climbing perch (Anabas testudineus) and walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The SEM examination revealed substantial numbers of rod shaped bacterial cells associated with the microvillus brush borders of enterocytes in proximal (PI) and distal regions (DI) of the GI tract of both the fish species. Ten (two each from the PI and DI of climbing perch and three each from the PI and DI of walking catfish) isolated bacterial strains were evaluated for extracellular protease, amylase and cellulase production quantitatively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe role of thyroid hormones (TH) in the normal functioning of adult mammalian brain is unclear. Our studies have identified synaptosomal Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase as a TH-responsive physiological parameter in adult rat cerebral cortex. L-triiodothyronine (T3) and L-thyroxine (T4) both inhibited Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity (but not Mg(2+)-ATPase activity) in similar dose-dependent fashions, while other metabolites of TH were less effective.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCytochrome P450 is a superfamily of membrane-bound hemoprotein that gets involved with the degradation of xenobiotics and internal metabolites. Accumulated body of evidence indicates that phospholipids play a crucial role in determining the enzymatic activity of cytochrome P450 in the microenvironment by modulating its structure during detoxification; however, the structure-function relationship of cytochrome P4501A, a family of enzymes responsible for degrading lipophilic aromatic hydrocarbons, is still not well defined. Inducibility of cytochrome P4501A in cultured catfish hepatocytes in response to carbofuran, a widely used pesticide around the world, was studied earlier in our laboratory.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMutations in REarranged during Transfection (RET) receptor tyrosine, followed by the oncogenic activation of RET kinase is responsible for the development of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) that responds poorly to conventional chemotherapy. Targeting RET, therefore, might be useful in tailoring surveillance of MTC patients. Here we showed that theaflavins, the bioactive components of black tea, successfully induced apoptosis in human MTC cell line, TT, by inversely modulating two molecular pathways: (i) stalling PI3K/Akt/Bad pathway that resulted in mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MTP) loss, cytochrome-c release and activation of the executioner caspases-9 and -3, and (ii) upholding p38MAPK/caspase-8/caspase-3 pathway via inhibition of Ras/Raf/ERK.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Cell Commun Signal
March 2012
Carbofuran is a pesticide, which is used throughout the world as a nematicide and an acaricide. This pesticide integrates into living organisms through aquatic ecosystem. In earlier report, we had demonstrated that cytochrome P4501A was induced in cultured catfish hepatocytes in response to carbofuran, which might be responsible for the detoxification of this pesticide.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Imbalance in thyroid hormone concentrations has been linked with profound neurobehavioral alterations in the adult. Peripheral hypothyroidism is associated with a phenomenon of central thyroid hormone homeostasis in adult rat. This central homeostasis mechanism could be maintained by adrenergic interplay due to close physiological association between sympathetic nervous system activity and thyroid hormones.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDuring adult-onset peripheral hypothyroidism, the brain maintains normal levels of thyroid hormone for some time through a mechanism of 'central homeostasis'. Although onset, duration, and termination of such a homeostatic phenomenon have been recently evaluated in rat models, the mechanism behind remains unknown. During our investigation to understand the mechanism further, we injected the protein synthesis blockers actinomycin D and cycloheximide along with propylthiouracil to adult male rats during the days of onset (day 2) and termination (day 20) of the homeostatic mechanism.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFConcentrations of hepatic estradiol-17beta (E2) receptors (ER) in cytosolic and nuclear fractions were evaluated in diploid and triploid female catfish Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) during four different reproductive periods of a complete reproductive cycle. Basal level of ER concentration was noted in the resting period of both diploids and triploids. Receptor level gradually elevated through the preparatory period and reached a peak in the pre-spawning period in both diploids and triploids.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn recent years, various vertebrate peptide and steroid hormones have been identified in invertebrates, estradiol-17beta (E2) being a major one. We have specifically shown NADP-malate dehydrogenase (NADP-MDH) activity in fifth instar larval fatbody of female silkworm, Bombyx mori, as an E2 responsive parameter. Interestingly enough, estradiol-induced increase in the enzyme activity could be counteracted by simultaneous application of specific E2-inhibitor, ICI-182780.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF